Smart necklace with stereo vision and onboard processing

ABSTRACT

A wearable neck device includes an IMU coupled to the wearable neck device and adapted to detect inertial measurement data and a GPS coupled to the device and adapted to detect location data. The wearable neck device further includes a camera adapted to detect image data and a memory adapted to store data. The wearable neck device further includes a processor adapted to recognize an object in the surrounding environment by analyzing the data. The processor can determine a desirable action based on the data and a current time or day. The processor can determine a destination based on the determined desirable action. The processor can determine a navigation path based on the determined destination and the data. The processor is further adapted to determine output based on the navigation path. The wearable neck device further includes a speaker adapted to provide audio information to the user.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/154,714, filed on Jan. 14, 2014, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein.

BACKGROUND

Field

The present disclosure relates to a wearable device, which provides haptic and audio feedback based on stereo camera input.

Description of the Related Art

Wearable cameras provide recording and documenting of a user's experience, often from the same or similar point of view or field of view (FOV) of the user. However, these devices are passive recorders, and do not provide real time processing and information about the scene in the FOV. Certain users, such as blind persons, may desire additional feedback relating to the environment. Other wearable cameras may be designed to assist blind persons. However, such devices lack stereo cameras for reliable depth perception information.

Thus, there is a need for an unobtrusive device which augments a user's environmental awareness with depth perception and object recognition.

SUMMARY

A wearable neck device for providing environmental awareness to a user is described. The wearable neck device includes a left portion, a right portion, and an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor. The IMU sensor is coupled to the wearable neck device and adapted to detect inertial measurement data corresponding to a positioning, velocity, or acceleration of the wearable neck device. The wearable neck device further includes a global positioning system (GPS) unit coupled to the wearable neck device and adapted to detect location data corresponding to a location of the wearable neck device. The wearable neck device further includes at least one camera coupled to the wearable neck device, the at least one camera being adapted to detect image data corresponding to a surrounding environment of the wearable neck device. The wearable neck device further includes a memory adapted to store object data regarding previously determined objects and previously determined user data associated with the user. The wearable neck device further includes a processor connected to the IMU, the GPS unit and the at least one camera. The processor is adapted to recognize an object in the surrounding environment by analyzing the image data based on the stored object data and at least one of the inertial measurement data or the location data. The processor is further adapted to determine a desirable event or action based on the recognized object, the previously determined user data, and a current time or day. The processor is further adapted to determine a destination based on the determined desirable event or action. The processor is further adapted to determine a navigation path for navigating the wearable neck device to the destination based on the determined destination, the image data, and at least one of the inertial measurement data or the location data. The processor is further adapted to determine output data based on the determined navigation path. The wearable neck device further includes a speaker adapted to provide audio information to the user based on at least one of the recognized object, determined desirable event or action, or navigation path.

Also described is a method for providing continuous social and environmental awareness to a user by a wearable neck device. The method includes detecting, via a camera, a GPS unit or an IMU, inertial measurement data corresponding to a positioning, velocity, or acceleration of the wearable neck device, location data corresponding to a location of the wearable neck device or image data corresponding to a surrounding environment of the wearable neck device. The method further includes storing, in a memory, object data regarding previously determined objects and previously determined user data regarding the user. The method further includes recognizing, by a processor, an object in the surrounding environment by analyzing the image data based on the stored object data and at least one of the inertial measurement data or the location data. The method further includes determining, by the processor, a desirable event or action based on the recognized object, the previously determined user data, and a current time or day. The processor may also determine a destination based on the determined desirable event or action. The processor may also determine a navigation path for navigating the wearable neck device to the destination based on the determined destination, the image data, and at least one of the inertial measurement data or the location data. The processor may also determine output data based on the determined navigation path. The method further includes providing, via a speaker or a vibration unit, audio or haptic information to the user based on at least one of the recognized object, the determined desirable event or action, or the navigation path.

Also described is a wearable neck device for providing environmental awareness to a user. The wearable neck device includes an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor coupled to the wearable neck device. The IMU device is adapted to detect inertial measurement data corresponding to a positioning, velocity, or acceleration of the wearable neck device. The wearable neck device further includes a global positioning system (GPS) unit coupled to the wearable neck device and adapted to detect location data corresponding to a location of the wearable neck device. The wearable neck device further includes a wide angle camera coupled to the wearable neck device. The wearable neck device further includes a pair of stereo cameras coupled to the wearable neck device. The pair of stereo cameras is adapted to detect depth information regarding a surrounding environment. The wide angle camera and the pair of stereo cameras is adapted to detect image data corresponding to the surrounding environment of the wearable neck device. The wearable neck device further includes a memory adapted to store object data regarding previously determined objects and previously determined user data associated with the user. The wearable neck device further includes a processor connected to the IMU, the GPS unit, the wide angle camera and the pair of stereo cameras. The processor is adapted to recognize an object in the surrounding environment by analyzing the image data based on the stored object data and at least one of the inertial measurement data or the location data. The processor is also adapted to determine a desirable event or action based on the recognized object, the previously determined user data, and a current time or day. The processor is also adapted to determine a destination based on the determined desirable event or action. The processor is also adapted to determine a navigation path for navigating the wearable neck device to the destination based on the determined destination, the image data, and at least one of the inertial measurement data or the location data. The processor is also adapted to determine output data based on the determined navigation path. The wearable neck device further includes a speaker configured to provide audio information to the user based on at least one of the recognized object, determined desirable event or action, or navigation path. The wearable neck device further includes at least one vibratory motor configured to provide haptic information to the user based on at least one of the recognized object, determined desirable event or action, or navigation path.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Other systems, methods, features, and advantages of the present invention will be or will become apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following figures and detailed description. It is intended that all such additional systems, methods, features, and advantages be included within this description, be within the scope of the present invention, and be protected by the accompanying claims. Component parts shown in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, and may be exaggerated to better illustrate the important features of the present invention. In the drawings, like reference numerals designate like parts throughout the different views, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a smart necklace according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an object recognition logic according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3A illustrates an object recognition logic applied to a visual data set according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3B further illustrates the object recognition logic shown in FIG. 3A;

FIG. 3C further illustrates the object recognition logic shown in FIG. 3A;

FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a method of estimating a position or orientation based on slice descriptors according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5A is a view of a smart necklace with a “stalk” design according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5B is a side view of the smart necklace in FIG. 5A;

FIG. 5C is a back view of the smart necklace in FIG. 5A;

FIG. 6A is a view of a smart necklace with a “pod” design according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6B is an under-side view of the smart necklace in FIG. 6A;

FIG. 6C is another view of the smart necklace in FIG. 6A;

FIG. 6D is an image of a user utilizing the smart necklace in FIG. 6A along with a portable electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7A is a view of a smart necklace with a “paddle” design according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7B is a side view of the smart necklace in FIG. 7A;

FIG. 7C is a close-up view of a paddle of the smart necklace in FIG. 7A;

FIG. 7D is a close-up view of detachable pucks of the smart necklace in FIG. 7A;

FIG. 8 is a view of a smart necklace with a “twist” design according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9A is a view of a smart necklace with a removable tube having a camera according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9B is a view of a smart necklace with a removable tube connected to the smart necklace via a retractable cord according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10A is a view of a smart necklace with status indicators according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10B is a view of a left or right portion of a smart necklace having status indicators and at least one camera according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a view of a smart necklace with additional back-space for integrated electronics according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a flowchart for outputting first and/or second output data for providing assistance or navigation information to a user of a smart necklace according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 13A illustrates an exemplary method for providing assistance or navigation information to a user of a smart necklace based on detected data according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 13B illustrates an exemplary method for providing assistance or navigation information to a user of a smart necklace based on a determined desirable event, action, and/or destination according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 14 illustrates an exemplary method for danger assistance by a smart necklace according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 15A illustrates an exemplary method for safety monitoring and alerting using a smart necklace according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 15B illustrates an example of the method of FIG. 15A according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 16A illustrates an exemplary method for providing navigation assistance to the user of a smart necklace according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 16B illustrates an example of the method of FIG. 16A according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 17 illustrates an exemplary method for handling an obstructed camera of a smart necklace according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 18A illustrates an exemplary method for determining the location of a desired object by a smart necklace according to an embodiment of the present invention; and

FIG. 18B illustrates an exemplary use of the method of FIG. 18A according to an embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Apparatus, systems and methods that implement the implementations of the various features of the present application will now be described with reference to the drawings. The drawings and the associated descriptions are provided to illustrate some implementations of the present application and not to limit the scope of the present application. Throughout the drawings, reference numbers are re-used to indicate correspondence between referenced elements.

In one implementation, a smart necklace 100 includes an onboard processing array 110, which communicates with a sensor array 120, an interface array 130, and a component array 140. The onboard processing array 110, the sensor array 120, the interface array 130, and the component array 140 are exemplary groupings to visually organize the components of the smart necklace 100 in the block diagram of FIG. 1 and are not limiting or necessarily representative of any physical groupings. In addition, certain implementations may have more or less components shown in FIG. 1.

The onboard processing array 110 includes a processor 111 and a memory 112. The processor 111 may be a computer processor such as an ARM processor, DSP processor, distributed processor, or other form of central processing. The processor 111 may be positioned on the smart necklace 100, may be a remote processor or it may be a pairing of a local and a remote processor.

The memory 112 may be one or any combination of the following: a RAM or other volatile or nonvolatile memory, a non-transitory memory or a data storage device, such as a hard disk drive, a solid state disk drive, a hybrid disk drive, or other appropriate data storage, and may further store machine-readable instructions, which may be loaded into the memory 112 and executed by the processor 111. As with the processor 111, the memory 112 may be positioned on the smart necklace 100, may be positioned remote from the smart necklace 100 or it may be a combination of a local or remote memory.

The sensor array 120 includes stereo cameras 121, a camera 122, an inertial measurement unit (IMU) 123, a global positioning system (GPS) 124, and a sensor 125. The stereo cameras 121 may be a stereo camera pair comprising two cameras offset by a stereo distance. The stereo distance may be optimized for the two cameras. The smart necklace 100 may have more than one pair of stereo cameras 121, as will be further described below. The camera 122 may be a camera or other optical sensor not part of a stereo camera pair. The IMU 123 may be an IMU which may further comprise one or more of an accelerometer, a gyroscope, and/or a magnetometer. The GPS 124 may be one or more GPS units. The sensor 125 may be one or more sensors which provide further information about the environment in conjunction with the rest of the sensor array 120. The sensor 125 may be, for example, one or more of a temperature sensor, an air pressure sensor, a moisture or humidity sensor, a gas detector or other chemical sensor, a sound sensor, a pH sensor, a smoke detector, a metal detector, an actinometer, an altimeter, a depth gauge, a compass, a radiation sensor, a motion detector, or other sensor.

The interface array 130 includes a microphone 131, a speaker 132, a vibration unit 133, an input device 134, and a display 135. The microphone 131 may be a microphone or other device capable of receiving sounds, such as voice activation/commands or other voice actions from the user, and may be integrated with or external to the smart necklace 100. The speaker 132 may be one or more speakers or other devices capable of producing sounds and/or vibrations. The vibration unit 133 may be a vibration motor or actuator capable of providing haptic and tactile output. In certain implementations, the vibration unit 133 may also be capable of producing sounds, such that the speaker 132 and the vibration unit 133 may be the same or integrated. The vibration unit 133 may include a left vibration motor in the left portion, and a right vibration motor in the right portion. This advantageously allows various combinations of haptic feedback using a left-side vibration that may differ from a right-side vibration.

The input device 134 may be an input device such as a touch sensor and/or one or more buttons. For example, the input device 134 may be a touch sensor used as a slider to adjust settings as well as act as a button for making selections, similar to a touchpad. The display 135 may be a display, integrated into the smart necklace 100 or wirelessly connected to the smart necklace 100, and may be capable of displaying visual data from the stereo cameras 121 and/or the camera 122. In other implementations, the display 135 may be another visual alert device, such as one or more LEDs or similar light source.

The component array 140 includes a battery 141, an antenna 142, and an input/output (I/O) port 143. The battery 141 may be a battery or other power supply capable of powering the smart necklace 100. The battery 141 may have a connection port for recharging, or may be wirelessly recharged, such as through induction charging. The antenna 142 may be one or more antennas capable of transmitting and receiving wireless communications. For example, the antenna 142 may be a Bluetooth or WiFi antenna, may be a radio frequency identification (RFID) antenna or reader, and/or a near field communication (NFC) unit. The I/O port 143 may be one or more ports for connecting additional peripherals. For example, the I/O port 143 may be a headphone jack, or may be a data port.

The antenna 142 and/or the I/O port 143 allows the smart necklace 100 to connect to another device or network for data downloads, such as updates or map information or other relevant information for a particular application, and data uploads, such as status updates. Further, the antenna 142 and/or the I/O port 143 allows the smart necklace 100 to communicate with other smart devices for distributed computing or sharing resources.

The smart necklace 100 described herein is generally a stand-alone device. However, in other implementations, the smart necklace 100 may be configured or optimized to work in conjunction with other devices. For example, smartphones, tablets, or other mobile devices may wirelessly connect to the smart necklace 100 for shared resources and processing. The mobile device may act as a display unit for the smart necklace 100. The smart necklace 100 may further have specific protocols for interacting with mobile devices or other smart necklaces 100. Additionally, the smart necklace 100 may connect over the internet to remote processing and/or remote storage, such as a cloud.

The smart necklace 100 is a lightweight, wearable smart device that is worn around the user's neck for environmental awareness, navigation, social interactions, and obstacle avoidance through real-time feedback. The smart necklace 100 is capable of recognizing objects around the user, in order to alert the user. For example, the smart necklace 100 may be used by a blind person to aid in environmental awareness and navigate safely around obstacles. The smart necklace 100 provides the user audio and haptic feedback through the speaker 132 and the vibration unit 133 based upon camera input from the stereo cameras 121 and the camera 122.

In one implementation, the smart necklace 100 includes two pairs of stereo cameras 121, which may be positioned on either side of the user's neck. Stereo cameras provide depth information in both indoor and outdoor environments. The stereo cameras 121 may face forward, in front of a user, to establish a field of view (FOV). The stereo cameras 121 may have, for example, an FOV of around 90 degrees. The stereo cameras 121 provide 3D information such as depth in front of the user. Stereo cameras 121 having different focal lengths may be provided. In various embodiments, one set of stereo cameras 121 may be positioned a relatively small distance apart (such as on a single side of the smart necklace 100) and another pair of stereo cameras 121 may be positioned a relatively large distance apart (such as positioning one of the pair of stereo cameras 121 on a first side of the smart necklace 100 and the other pair of stereo cameras 121 on a second side of the smart necklace 100). The pair of stereo cameras 121 having the relatively small distance apart can have a relatively short focal length, and thus provide detailed depth information for objects that are relatively close to the user. The pair of stereo cameras 121 having the relatively large distance apart can have a relatively long focal length, and thus provide detailed depth information for objects that are relatively far away from the user.

Additional cameras 122, which may be placed to the sides of the stereo cameras 121, may be wide angle cameras. Wide angle cameras can increase the FOV of the smart necklace 100 so that the smart necklace may have a field of view that is near 120 degrees. In various embodiments, the cameras 122 may be placed where needed, such as behind the user's neck to provide data for an area behind the user.

Although the cameras 122 may be monocular, they can provide simple recognition, even without depth or distance information. For example, the cameras 122 can detect moving objects in the user's periphery. The stereo cameras 121 and the cameras 122 may continuously passively recognize objects in the environment. Working in conjunction with the other sensors in the sensor array 120, the smart necklace 100 can provide the user with guidance and navigation commands by way of audio and haptic feedback. In a preferred embodiment, the stereo cameras 121 are utilized in part because they can advantageously provide depth information. In another embodiment, one or more omnidirectional cameras may be utilized in addition to or in lieu of the stereo cameras 12 and the cameras 122.

The GPS 124 provides location information, which works with the inertial guidance information, including velocity and orientation information, provided by the IMU 123 to help direct the user. The memory 112 may store, for example, map information or data to help locate and provide navigation commands to the user. The map data may be preloaded, downloaded wirelessly through the antenna 142, or may be visually determined, such as by capturing a building map posted near a building's entrance, or built from previous encounters and recordings. The map data may be abstract, such as a network diagram with edges, or a series of coordinates with features. The map data may contain points of interest to the user, and as the user walks, the stereo cameras 121 and/or cameras 122 may passively recognize additional points of interest and update the map data.

For example, the user may give a voice command, “Take me to building X in Y campus.” The smart necklace 100 may then download a relevant map if not already stored, or may navigate based on perceived images from the stereo cameras 121 and the cameras 122. As the user follows the navigation commands from the smart necklace 100, the user may walk by a coffee shop in the morning, and the smart necklace 100 would recognize the coffee shop and the time of day, along with the user's habits, and appropriately alert the user. The smart necklace 100 may verbally alert the user through the speaker 132. The user may use the input device 134 to adjust settings, which for example may control the types of alerts, what details to announce, and other parameters which may relate to object recognition or alert settings. The user may turn on or off certain features as needed.

When navigating indoors, the standalone GPS units may not provide enough information to a blind user to navigate around obstacles and reach desired locations or features. The smart necklace 100 may recognize, for instance, stairs, exits, and restrooms and appropriately store them in the memory 112. In another example, the smart necklace 100 may determine empty seats for the user to navigate to, or may remember the user's specific seat in order to navigate away and subsequently return to the same seat. Other points of interest may be potential hazards, descriptions of surrounding structures, alternate routes, and other locations. Additional data and points of interest can be downloaded and/or uploaded to mobile devices and other devices, social networks, or the cloud, through Bluetooth or other wireless networks. With wireless connectivity, local processing can be reduced, as high level data and processing may be available from the cloud or other remote data centers.

The smart necklace 100 may determine paths for navigation, which may be further modified for the user's needs. For example, a blind person may prefer routes that follow walls. Using the IMU 123 and/or the GPS 124 and other sensors, the smart necklace 100 can determine the user's location and orientation to guide them along the path, avoiding obstacles. The vibration unit 133 and the speaker 132 provide audio and haptic cues to help guide the user along the path.

For example, the speaker 132 may play a command to move forward a specified distance. Then, special audio tones or audio patterns can play when the user is at a waypoint, and guide the user to make a turn through additional tones or audio patterns. A first tone, audio pattern or vibration can alert the user to the start of a turn, such as a single tone or a vibration from the left side of the smart necklace may indicate a left turn. A second tone, audio pattern or vibration can alert the user that the turn is complete such as two tones, or the vibration may stop, such as the left side ceases to vibrate when the turn is complete. Different tones, patterns or vibrations may also signify different degrees of turns, such as a specific tone for a 45 degree turn and a specific tone for a 90 degree turn. Alternatively or in addition to tones and vibrations, the smart necklace 100 may provide verbal cues, similar to a car GPS navigation command.

High level alerts may also be provided through audio feedback. For example, as the smart necklace 100 reaches a predetermined distance—such as a foot or other value which may be stored in the memory 112 and may be adjusted—from an obstacle or hazard, the speaker 132 and/or the vibration unit 133 may provide audible alerts. As the smart necklace 100 gets closer to the obstacle, the audible alerts may increase in intensity or frequency.

The vibration unit 133 may include a left vibration motor in the left portion of the smart necklace 100 and a right vibration motor in the right portion of the smart necklace 100 for providing stereo haptic feedback to the user. Vibration patterns on the left portion can be different than vibration patterns on the right portion. In this manner, different combination of left/right vibration patterns can convey more variety of useful information to the user (as opposed to outputting the same pattern in both left and right vibration). For example, certain vibration patterns on the left that are lacking on the right may be used to signal to the user that the user should turn left.

The microphone 131 may detect additional environmental data, such as sounds of moving cars or other possible hazards. The microphone 131 may work in conjunction with the speaker 132, and may be placed away from the speaker 132 to prevent interference. The microphone 131 may alternatively work in conjunction with an attached audio device, such as bone conduction devices, to provide the user with audio feedback without broadcasting the audio feedback.

The smart necklace 100 may improve social interactions. For example, the smart necklace 100 may recognize faces in a room to identify potential friends, and provide the user with audio feedback identifying friends. The stereo cameras 121 and/or the camera 122 may be further able to determine additional details about persons, such as moods or expressions, or if they are engaging in physical activities, in order to alert the user. For example, the potential friend may extend a hand for a handshake or a “high five,” and the smart necklace 100 may use audio or haptic feedback to notify the user. The microphone 131 may recognize voices of other persons to identify and appropriately notify the user, or may recognize a new voice to save for future identification.

Although the smart necklace 100 is described with respect to a blind user, the smart necklace 100 may be used in other applications. For example, the smart necklace 100 may be used by peace officers and law enforcement officers as a recorder which provides additional environmental awareness. The smart necklace 100 may be further used by athletes to record sports in a real-time, first person view. For example, performing certain actions such as a swing can be recorded, including inertial motions, to analyze the motions. The smart necklace 100 may also be used in hazardous environments to provide additional safety warnings. For example, the smart necklace 100 may be used in a factory to provide a factory worker additional warning about possible hazardous conditions or obstacles.

In such applications, the sensor 125 may be specifically chosen to provide particularly relevant measurements. For instance, in an environment with harmful gas, the sensor 125 may detect dangerous levels of gas and accordingly alert the user. The sensor 125 may provide low-light viewing, or the stereo cameras 121 and/or the camera 122 may be capable of night vision, to provide the user with additional environmental awareness in low-light conditions, such as outdoors at night or photo-sensitive environments. The sensor 125, the stereo cameras 121 and/or the camera 122 may be adapted to detect a light spectrum other than the visible light spectrum. The smart necklace 100 can be a memory device to aid persons, such as Alzheimer's patients. The smart necklace 100 can aid in shopping or otherwise navigating inventories by helping to keep track of goods. The antenna 142 may be an RFID or NFC reader capable of identifying RFID or NFC tags on goods.

In certain embodiments, the smart necklace 100 is designed to accommodate blind or partially blind users. In such embodiments, a low-light viewing or night-vision camera (e.g., infrared camera) may also be utilized. For example, a camera 122 may be directed to normal lighting and another directed to night vision. For example, a blind user may be more likely to turn off the lights because he/she does not depend on the lighting. The smart necklace 100 would still function properly by processing images of the night-vision camera. The image processed may be limited in night-vision. For example, facial recognition may not be feasible, but the presence of another person can be detected. As a result, helpful information can be provided to the user.

The smart necklace 100 may include an infrared camera in combination with the stereo cameras 121 and/or camera 122. For example, a wide angle camera 122 and/or stereo cameras 121 may be utilized for image detection for normal lighting situations and an infrared camera may be utilized for image detection for darker situations.

Because the smart necklace 100 may be used for environmental awareness and detection, other light spectrums may be useful. The visible light spectrum allows humans to detect certain details that other light spectrums may not provide. However, other light spectrums may provide certain details that human visible light spectrum cannot provide. Details of certain objects may not be easily detected by the visible light spectrum during a cloudy or foggy day. Another spectrum of light may provide better details of objects during certain conditions. These spectrums may include extreme ultraviolet, near infrared, mid infrared, far infrared, etc. For maximum efficiency and object detection, different sensors 125, stereo cameras 121 and/or cameras 122 may be provided for detecting various light spectrum data. In some embodiments, a single camera 122 is provided that detects a spectrum of light other than the visible light spectrum.

Referring now to FIG. 2, a flowchart of a method 200 of adjusting object detection parameters, object recognition parameters, or both object detection parameters and object recognition parameters is schematically depicted. In some implementations, the method 200 may be implemented as logic within the machine readable instructions that, when executed by the processor 111, automatically adjust object detection parameters, object recognition parameters, or both object detection parameters and object recognition parameters. It is noted that, while the method 200 depicts a specific sequence, additional implementations of the present disclosure are not limited to any particular sequence.

Referring now to FIG. 2, at block 210 the smart necklace 100 receives image data representative of the environment. As noted above, in some implementations, the smart necklace 100 is configured to acquire video or image data, which may be video frames, of the FOV of the user from the stereo cameras 121 and the cameras 122, and to then send the acquired image data of the environment to the processor 111 and/or the memory 112 for storage and/or processing. In some implementations, the smart necklace 100 may receive image data from a source external to the smart necklace 100, such as via the antenna 142 through a wireless network.

The image data received at block 210 may be data of a variety of forms, such as, but not limited to red-green-blue (“RGB”) data, depth image data, three dimensional (“3D”) point data, and the like. In some implementations, the smart necklace 100 may receive depth image data from an infrared sensor or other depth sensor, such as an infrared sensor or depth sensor integrated with the stereo cameras 121 and/or the camera 122. In other implementations that include a depth sensor (e.g., an infrared sensor), the depth sensor may be separate from the stereo cameras 121 and/or the camera 122.

Still referring to FIG. 2, at block 220, the machine readable instructions stored in the memory 112, when executed by the processor 111, cause the smart necklace 100 to detect a candidate object, with the onboard processing array 110, based on the image data received at block 210. In some implementations, the onboard processing array 110 may detect the candidate object by identifying a candidate region of the received image data, such as a region of the image that includes high entropy. For example, the onboard processing array 110 may detect a high entropy region in the acquired target image data that includes a spray bottle. In some implementations, the onboard processing array 110 may utilize a sliding window algorithm to identify the candidate region of the received image data. In implementations, the onboard processing array 110 may detect the candidate object by utilizing a feature descriptor algorithm or an image descriptor algorithm, such as scale-invariant feature transform (“SIFT”), speeded up robust feature (“SURF”), histogram of oriented gradients (“HOG”), generalized search tree (“GIST”), fast retina keypoint (“FREAK”), and binary robust invariant scalable keypoints (“BRISK”), and the like. In some implementations, the onboard processing array 110 may bias detections to one or more spatially located regions of interest based on application, scene geometry and/or prior information.

The onboard processing array 110 includes at least one object detection parameter to facilitate the detection of the candidate object. In some implementations, the at least one object detection parameter is a window size, a noise filtering parameter, an estimated amount of light, an estimated noise level, a feature descriptor parameter, an image descriptor parameter, or the like.

Still referring to FIG. 2, at block 230, the machine readable instructions stored in the memory 112, when executed by the processor 111, cause the smart necklace 100 to recognize an object, with the onboard processing array 110, based on the image data received at block 210. In some implementations, the object recognition module may recognize the object based on a candidate region identified by the onboard processing array 110.

In some implementations, the onboard processing array 110 may recognize the candidate object by utilizing a feature descriptor algorithm or an image descriptor algorithm, such as scale invariant feature transform (“SIFT”), speeded up robust feature (“SURF”), histogram of oriented gradients (“HOG”), generalized search tree (“GIST”), fast retina keypoint (“FREAK”), and binary robust invariant scalable keypoints (“BRISK”), and the like. In some implementations in which the onboard processing array 110 utilizes a feature descriptor or image descriptor algorithm, the onboard processing array 110 may extract a set of features from a candidate region identified by the onboard processing array 110. The onboard processing array 110 may then access a reference set of features of an object recognition reference model from an object recognition database stored in the memory 112 and then compare the extracted set of features with the reference set of features of the object recognition reference model. For example, the onboard processing array 110 may extract a set of features from the high entropy region of the acquired target image data that includes a bottle and compare the extracted set of features to reference sets of features for one or more reference bottle models. When the extracted set of features match the reference set of features, the onboard processing array 110 may recognize an object (e.g., recognizing a bottle when the extracted set of features from the high entropy region of the acquired target image data that includes the bottle match the reference set of features for a reference bottle model). When the extracted set of features does not match the reference set of features, an object recognition error has occurred (e.g., an object recognition error indicating that no object recognition reference model matches the candidate object). When an object recognition error has occurred (e.g., referring to the example, no reference bottle model exists in the memory 112), the at least one object detection parameter may be adjusted to improve the accuracy of the object detection module, as described below with reference to block 225.

In some implementations, the object recognition module may assign an identifier to the recognized object. For example, the identifier may be an object category identifier (e.g., “bottle” when the extracted set of features match the reference set of features for the “bottle category” or “cup” when the extracted set of features match the reference set of features for the “cup” object category) or a specific object instance identifier (e.g., “my bottle” when the extracted set of features match the reference set of features for the specific “my bottle” object instance or “my cup” when the extracted set of features match the reference set of features for the specific “my cup” object instance).

The onboard processing array 110 includes at least one object recognition parameter to facilitate the recognition of the object. In some implementation, the at least one object recognition parameter is a window size, a noise filtering parameter, an estimated amount of light, an estimated noise level, a feature descriptor parameter, an image descriptor parameter, or the like.

Still referring to FIG. 2, at block 240, the machine readable instructions stored in the memory 112, when executed by the processor 111, cause the smart necklace 100 to send control signals to the vibration unit 133 and/or the speaker 132 to provide appropriate haptic and audio feedback to the user. For example, if the object recognized is categorized as an obstacle, the vibration unit 133 may vibrate at an increasing rate as the smart necklace approaches it. If the object is categorized as a hazard, the speaker 132 may play a warning sound. If the object is categorized as a point of interest, the speaker 132 may play an appropriate notice, or may remain silent. As noted above, when an object recognition error has occurred, the at least one object detection parameter may be adjusted to improve the accuracy of the onboard processing array 110.

Still referring to FIG. 2, at block 225, the machine readable instructions stored in the memory 112, when executed by the processor 111, cause the smart necklace 100 to adjust at least one object detection parameter of the onboard processing array 110, with a detection tuner module, when an object recognition error has occurred. The detection tuner module may be implemented as instructions executed by the processor 111 and data stored on the memory 112. By way of non-limiting example, in some implementations, the detection tuner module may adjust the window size utilized by the onboard processing array 110 when an object recognition error has occurred. In some implementations, the detection tuner module includes a detection tuner model and the detection tuner model adjusts the at least one object detection parameter based on the object recognition error. In some implementations, the detection tuner model maps the object recognition error to the adjusted at least one object detection parameter. In some implementations, the detection tuner model is a learned correlation model, such as a support vector machine (“SVM”) model.

Still referring to FIG. 2, at block 235, the machine readable instructions stored in the memory 112, when executed by the processor 111, cause the smart necklace 100 to adjust at least one object recognition parameter of the onboard processing array 110, with a recognition tuner module, when object recognition error has occurred. The recognition tuner module may be implemented as instructions executed by the processor 111 and data stored on the memory 112. By way of non-limiting example, in some implementations, the recognition tuner module may adjust the window size utilized by the onboard processing array 110 when object recognition error has occurred. In some implementations, the recognition tuner module includes a recognition tuner model and the recognition tuner model adjusts the at least one object recognition parameter based on the object recognition error. In some implementations, the recognition tuner model maps the object recognition error to the adjusted at least one object recognition parameter. In some implementations, the recognition tuner model is a learned correlation model, such as a support vector machine (“SVM”) model.

FIGS. 3A-3C present one example of a method of object recognition according to an implementation of the present disclosure. In FIG. 3A, for example, the first visual data 306 corresponds to a 2-D image of the target object 310 positioned on a plane 324 (e.g., a table). The second visual data 308 corresponds to 3-D depth data of the target object 310 positioned on the plane 324. Category object recognition is performed for analyzing, using the processor 111 and the first visual data 306. The first visual data 306 is analyzed based on a plurality of object models stored in a database, which may be stored in the memory 112. For example, the plurality of object models may include primitive shapes such as cylinders, boxes, and the like associated with corresponding parameters defining the primitive shapes. For example, the processor 111 may determine whether any portion of the first visual data 306 corresponds in shape, structure, or in terms of other pose information, to the plurality of object models stored in the database. Each of the plurality of object models may have at least one parameter. For example, an object model may be a cylinder with parameters of a height and a radius. For example, an object model may be a box with three parameters of a width, a height, and a length.

When the processor 111 searches for an object model of the plurality of object models, more than one object model may be similar in shape or structure to a portion of the first visual data 306. For example, a body of a bottle (e.g., the target object 310) may be similar in shape or structure to either a cylinder or a box. The processor 111 is configured to determine which of the plurality of object models has the closest fit for the analyzed portion of the first visual data 306. For example, the processor 111 may assign a score (for example, a recognition accuracy percentage) as to the degree of similarity between a particular object model of the plurality of object models and the analyzed portion of the first visual data 306. For example, the processor 111 may choose the object model of the plurality of object models associated with the highest associated score (e.g., recognition accuracy percentage), as the object model that corresponds to the analyzed portion of the first visual data 306. As such, in one implementation, the processor 111 determines the parameters of the chosen object model.

As described below, the plurality of object models are not fixed. The stored object models and their corresponding parameters may be supplemented or modified. In addition or in the alternative, new category object models may be learned and stored in the database based on the recognized target objects. The discussion at this juncture assumes that the method is detecting the target object 310 for the first time, and objects having similar shapes, structure, or pose information to the target object 310 as a whole are not yet encountered and stored.

Referring to FIG. 3B, an example of the category object recognition of the method is illustrated. For example, the processor 111 may examine the first visual data 306 adjacent to, around, or within the sliding enclosure 312 from left to right, starting from the top left corner of the 2-D image represented by the first visual data 306 moving right thereafter in the direction 314. The processor 111 may recognize objects within the first visual data 306 that are similar in shape or structure to an object model of the plurality of object models stored in the database. In other implementations, instead of the sliding enclosure 312, the visual data set 304, the first visual data 306, the second visual data 308, or combinations thereof may be examined as a whole to determine whether any portion of the first visual data 306 matches an object model stored in the database.

FIG. 3C illustrates a result of the category object recognition. The processor 111 may recognize that the target object 310 is similar to one of the object models. The first enclosure 350 may be a bounding box, a bounding circle, or any other shape without limiting the scope of the invention. The first enclosure 350 has a first center point 316. When the first enclosure 350 is a bounding box, the first center point 316 is the point with approximately equal distance from each side of the bounding box. When the first enclosure 350 is a bounding circle, the first center point 316 may be the center of the bounding circle. In one embodiment, the processor 111 may determine the first center point 316 such that the first center point 316 is positioned on, corresponds to, or falls within a portion of the visual data set 304 corresponding to the target object 310. The target object 310 may, for example, be positioned within, around, or adjacent to the first enclosure 350. The processor 111 determines that a first target data (which is a portion of the first visual data 306) corresponds to the target object 310 to recognize the target object 310.

Although the method described above uses a bottle as an exemplary object, the method may be used to recognize points of interest and other features, such as stairs, empty seats or buildings.

Referring now to FIG. 4, which shows a flowchart 400 of a method of estimating position or orientation based on slice descriptors. The onboard processing array 110 receives omni-directional image data representative of a panoramic FOV from the stereo cameras 121 and the cameras 122. In some implementations, the stereo cameras 121 and the cameras 122 operate within a physical environment and is configured to acquire omni-directional image data, and to then send the acquired omni-directional image data of the physical environment to the onboard processing array 110 for storage and/or processing. In some implementations, the onboard processing array 110 may receive omnidirectional image data from a source external to the smart necklace 100, such as via the antenna 142. The acquired omni-directional image data may be in the form of digital video and/or one or more digital photographs.

The onboard processing array 110 segments the omni-directional image data into a plurality of image slices. In one exemplary implementation, the received omni-directional image is segmented into eight slices (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, and S8). In some implementations, the omni-direction image may be segmented into any number of slices. In some implementations, the number of slices may be between 8 and 36. However, it should be understood that the number of slices may be less than 8 or greater than 36.

Each of the plurality of slices is representative of at least a portion of the panoramic field of view of the omni-directional image data or the partially panoramic field of view of the omni-directional image data. In some implementations, the plurality of image slices includes a middle image slice (e.g., slice S2), a preceding image slice (e.g., slice S1), and a subsequent image slice (e.g., slice S3), such that a field of view of the middle image slice (e.g., slice S2) is adjacent to or overlaps a preceding field of view of the preceding image slice (e.g., slice S1) and the middle field of view of the middle image slice (e.g., slice S2) is adjacent to or overlaps a subsequent view of the subsequent image slice (e.g., slice S3).

In some implementations, each image slice of the plurality of image slices is representative of an equal portion of the panoramic field of view of the omni-directional image data and the collective fields of view of the plurality of image slices is the same as the panoramic field of view of the omni-directional image data. For example, each of the eight slices captures an eighth of the full panoramic view of the omnidirectional image data and the collective field of view of the eight image slices is the same as the panoramic field of view of the omni-directional image data. In some implementations, the field of view of a first slice of the plurality of views may be greater than a field of view of a second slice of the plurality of slices. In some implementations, the collective fields of view of the plurality of slices may be smaller than the full panoramic field of view. In some implementations, the field of views of neighboring slices may overlap.

The onboard processing array 110 calculates a slice descriptor for each image slice of the plurality of image slices. As used herein, “slice descriptor” refers to a description of the visual features (e.g., color, texture, shape, motion, etc.) of the image data of a particular slice of the omni-directional image data. For example, a slice descriptor d1 is calculated for slice S1, a slice descriptor d2 is calculated for slice S2, a slice descriptor d3 is calculated for slice S3, a slice descriptor d4 is calculated for slice S4, a slice descriptor d5 is calculated for slice S5, a slice descriptor d6 is calculated for slice S6, a slice descriptor d7 is calculated for slice S7, and a slice descriptor d8 is calculated for slice S8.

In some implementations, the slice descriptor may be calculated using an algorithm, such as scale-invariant feature transform (“SIFT”), speeded up robust feature (“SURF”), histogram of oriented gradients (“HOG”), generalized search tree (“GIST”), fast retina keypoint (“FREAK”), and binary robust invariant scalable keypoints (“BRISK”), and the like. However, it should be understood that other algorithms may be used to calculate the slice descriptor. In some implementations, the slice descriptor may include a decimal vector. In some implementations, the slice descriptor may include a binary vector. In other implementations, the slice descriptor may be represented in a format other a binary vector or a decimal vector. Depth information resulting from the application of stereo algorithms may also be used to calculate the slice descriptor.

The onboard processing array 110 generates a current sequence of slice descriptors for the omni-directional image data received. The current sequence of slice descriptors includes the calculated slice descriptor for each image slice of the plurality of image slices. For example, node n1 includes the slice descriptor d1 corresponding to slice S1, node n2 includes the slice descriptor d2 corresponding to slice S2, node n3 includes the slice descriptor d3 corresponding to slice S3, node n8 includes the slice descriptor d8 corresponding to slice S8, etc.

In some implementations, the current sequence of slice descriptors may be structured such that a middle node (e.g., node n2) corresponds to a middle image slice (e.g., slice S2), a preceding node (e.g., node n1) corresponds to a preceding image slice (e.g., slice S1), and a subsequent node (e.g., node n3) corresponds to a subsequent image slice (e.g., slice S3). The preceding node (e.g., node n1) is linked to the middle node (e.g., node n2), and the middle node (e.g., node n2) is linked to the subsequent node (e.g., node n3).

In some implementations, the current sequence of slice descriptors are stored in the memory 112. In some implementations, the memory 112 may include a database of reference sequences of slice descriptors, each of which corresponds to a previously processed omni-directional image encountered by the onboard processing array 110.

In some implementations, the current sequence of slice descriptors may be stored in the memory 112 as a current linked list of slice descriptors. In implementations in which the current sequence of slice descriptors is stored in the memory 112 as a current linked list of slice descriptors, each node of the linked list may be linked to the subsequent node of the linked list (e.g., node n1 is linked to node n2, node n2 is linked to node n3, etc.). In some implementations, the current sequence of slice descriptors may be stored in the memory 112 as a circular linked list of slice descriptors, such that the first node is linked to the second node (e.g., node n1 is linked to node n2), the second node is linked to the third node (e.g., node n2 is linked to node n3), . . . , and the last node is linked back to the first node (e.g., node n8 is linked to node n1). In some implementations, the current sequence of slice descriptors may be stored in the memory 112 as a current doubly linked list of slice descriptors. It should be understood that in other implementations, the current sequence of slice descriptors may be stored in the memory 112 using a data structure other than a linked list, such as an array, and the like.

While the omni-directional image received was not unwarped prior to segmenting the omni-directional image, in other implementations, the omni-directional image may be unwarped prior to segmentation.

Returning to FIG. 4, at block 402, the machine readable instructions stored in the memory 112, when executed by the processor 111, may cause the onboard processing array 110 to access a reference sequence of slice descriptors in the memory 112. For example, in the implementation depicted in FIG. 4, the reference sequence of slice descriptors includes a reference slice descriptor d3 corresponding to a reference node r1, a reference slice descriptor d4 corresponding to a reference node r2, a reference slice descriptor d5 corresponding to a reference node r3, a reference slice descriptor d6 corresponding to a reference node r4, a reference slice descriptor d7 corresponding to a reference node r5, a reference slice descriptor d8 corresponding to a reference node r6, a reference slice descriptor d1 corresponding to a reference node r7, and a reference slice descriptor d2 corresponding to a reference node r8.

Still referring to FIG. 4, at block 404, the machine readable instructions stored in the memory 112, when executed by the processor 111, may cause the onboard processing array 110 to determine whether the current sequence of slice descriptors matches the reference sequence. In some implementations, whether the current sequence of slice descriptors matches the reference sequence of slice descriptors is determined by determining a current order of slice descriptors, determining a reference order of slice descriptors, and comparing the current order of slice descriptors to the reference order of slice descriptors. For example, a current order of slice descriptors in the embodiment depicted in FIG. 4 may be determined as {d1, d2, d3, d4, d5, d6, d7, d8}. A reference order of slice descriptors in the embodiment depicted in FIG. 4 may be determined as {d3, d4, d5, d6, d7, d8, d1, d2}. The current order of slice descriptors {d1, d2, d3, d4, d5, d6, d7, d8} may be compared to the reference order of slice descriptors {d3, d4, d5, d6, d7, d8, d1, d2} in order to determine whether the current order of slice descriptors matches the reference order of slice descriptors.

In some implementations, the current sequence of slice descriptors is a current circular linked list of slice descriptors and the reference sequence of slice descriptors is a reference circular linked list of slice descriptors. In such implementations, the current order of slice descriptors may be determined by traversing the current circular linked list of slice descriptors starting at a current starting node (e.g., the current order of slice descriptors may be determined to be {d1, d2, d3, d4, d5, d6, d7, d8} by traversing the current circular linked list starting from node n1 of the current circular linked list of slice descriptors). The reference order of slice descriptors may be determined by traversing the reference circular linked list of slice descriptors starting at a reference starting node (e.g., the reference order of slice descriptors may also be determined to be {d1, d2, d3, d4, d5, d6, d7, d8} by traversing the reference circular linked list starting from node r7 of the reference circular linked list of slice descriptors). The current sequence of slice descriptors matches the reference sequence of slice descriptors when the current order of slice descriptors is the same as the reference order of slice descriptors. In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 4, the current sequence of slice descriptors may be determined to match the reference sequence of slice descriptors because the reference order of slice descriptors when traversing the reference circular linked list of slice descriptors starting from node r7 is the same as the current order of slice descriptors when traversing the current circular linked list of slice descriptors starting from node n1.

Still referring to FIG. 4, at block 406, the machine readable instructions stored in the memory 112, when executed by the processor 111, may cause the onboard processing array 110 to estimate an orientation or position based on the current sequence of slice descriptors and the reference sequence of slice descriptors. For example, differences between the current sequence of slice descriptors and the reference sequence of slice descriptors may be used to determine a current position or orientation with reference to a known position or orientation associated with the reference sequence of slice descriptors. In some implementations, standard filtering techniques, such as the extended Kalman filter, the particle filter, and the like may be used to determine the current position or orientation based on the comparison between the current sequence of slice descriptors and the reference sequence of slice descriptors.

FIGS. 5A-9 illustrate various exemplary implementations of the smart necklace 100. Although FIGS. 5A-9 depict specific locations of components, in other implementations the exact locations and configurations may vary, as more or less components may be added or rearranged depending on specific applications. For example, the onboard processing array 110 may generally be located in the band portion of the smart necklace. Other hidden components, such as the IMU 123, the GPS 124, the sensor 125, the vibration unit 133, the battery 141, and the antenna 142, may be placed along the inside of the smart necklace as needed. The use of specialized sensors may require specific sensor placement and rearrangement of the other components. In addition, although the various implementations described generally take on a U-shape, in other implementations, other shapes, such as an O-shape or Ω-shape, may be used.

Turning to FIGS. 5A-5C, FIGS. 5A-5C depict one implementation of a smart necklace 500 having a “stalk” design. The smart necklace 500 has a left stalk 551 and a right stalk 552, connected by a tube 554, which may be a flexible tube for added comfort. The smart necklace 500 corresponds to the smart necklace 100, and has similar components as the smart necklace 100, which are located within the left stalk 551, the right stalk 552, and the tube 554. Specifically, the tube 554 defines a cavity which houses the unseen components of the smart necklace 500.

The left stalk 551 and the right stalk 552 each have a pair of stereo cameras 521, which may be offset by a stereo distance 557. Although in FIG. 5A the stereo distance 557 is the same for both pairs of stereo cameras 521, in other implementations the stereo distance 557 may be different for each pair of stereo cameras 521. Cameras 522 are placed to the sides of the stereo cameras 521 to increase the FOV.

Speakers 532 are placed above the left stalk 551 and the right stalk 552. A microphone 531 is placed away from the speakers 532. A button 553 may be used as a power button or on/off switch, or other input. A touch sensor 534, which may be delimited with bump indicators 558, may provide another input for the user. A headphone jack 543 provides a port for attaching, for example, a 3.5 mm headphone set. A data port 563 may provide an additional port for data connections. The headphone jack 543 and the data port 563 may be located on the underside of the smart necklace 500, as seen in FIG. 5C. A texture strip 555, which may be rubber or silicone, lines the tube 554 to provide added cushioning and grip. In addition, the smart necklace 500 may have braille 556 for identification or a label for blind persons.

In various embodiments, the processor 111, the memory 112, the IMU 123, the GPS 124, the battery 141, and all other components of the smart necklace 100 are distributed throughout the smart necklace 100. For the comfort of the user, it is desired for the weight of the smart necklace 100 to be distributed evenly between the right side and the left side of the smart necklace. If the weight is significantly greater on one side of the smart necklace 100 than the other side, then the smart necklace 500 may be uncomfortable for the user to wear.

In various embodiments, all components of the smart necklace 100 are balanced between the front and the back of the smart necklace 100. The embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 5A-5C have a balance of weight that is almost all directed to the front of the smart necklace 500 (i.e., most components are positioned on the left stalk 551 and the right stalk 552). The tube 554 may be soft and/or flexible for added comfort.

If too much weight is distributed towards the back (the neck area) of the smart necklace 100, then the smart necklace 100 may be pulled backwards by the weight of the components. This can result in the smart necklace 100 falling off of the user or in unsteady imaging.

If the smart necklace 100 shifts too much when the user moves (because of the heavy weight towards the back), then the stereo cameras 121 and/or the camera 122 may shift positions by a significant amount and not be able to capture data from a uniform vantage point. By evenly distributing the weight between the front and the back, the weight towards the front of the smart necklace 100 will pull the front of the smart necklace 100 down so that the position of the stereo cameras 121 and the camera 122 does not shift while the user is moving. It has been discovered that optimum weight distribution may be an even distribution between the front and the back of the smart necklace 100, or slightly towards the front of the smart necklace 100.

FIGS. 6A-6C depict one implementation of a smart necklace 600 having a “pod” design, which may resemble two peapods connected by a band. The smart necklace 600 has a left pod 651 and a right pod 652, connected by a band 654, which may be a flexible band for added comfort. The smart necklace 600 corresponds to the smart necklace 100, and has similar components as the smart necklace 100, which are located within the left pod 651, the right pod 652, and the band 654. Specifically, the band 654 defines a cavity which houses the unseen components of the smart necklace 500.

The left pod 651 and the right pod 652 each have a pair of stereo cameras 621. Cameras 622 are placed to the sides of the stereo cameras 621 to increase the FOV. Each of the stereo cameras 621 and cameras 622 may be placed on its own “pea,” as seen in the three peas in FIGS. 6A and 6C. In other implementations, more or less peas may be used to house additional cameras or sensors. In certain other implementations, one or more of the peas may be removable and modular, to create custom combinations of sensors. For example, additional peas may be screwed on, magnetically attached, or otherwise removably attached, with electrical connector points between adjacent peas for sending power and signals.

Speakers 632 are placed above the left pod 651 and the right pod 652. Microphones 631 are placed behind the left pod 651 and the right pod 652 and away from the speakers 632, as seen in FIG. 6B. A headphone jack 643, which may be located on an underside of the smart necklace 600, provides a port for attaching, for example, a 3.5 mm headphone set. A data port 663, which may be a universal serial bus (USB) port or other similar data port, provides an additional data connection to other devices. A touch sensor 634, which may be delimited with bump indicators 658, may provide another input for the user. A button 653 may be used as a power button or on/off switch, or other input. A texture strip 655, which may be rubber or silicone, lines the band 654 to provide added cushioning and grip.

In addition, the smart necklace 600 may have braille 656 for identification or a label for blind persons. LEDs 635, placed near the bottom of the left pod 651 and the right pod 652, provide visual indicators, such as status indicators, and may have different colors or flashing patterns to indicate various statuses. An overmold 671, which may be rubber or silicone, lines each of the left pod 651 and the right pod 652, and may be soft and flexible to provide additional grip and cushioning.

FIG. 6D is an image of a user 690 utilizing the smart necklace 600 in FIG. 6A along with a smart watch 691. Instead of the smart watch 691, the user 690 may be using a smartphone, a tablet, or the like. The user 690 may be in a grocery store and have created an electronic grocery list that is stored in remote memory or a memory of the smart watch 691. In various embodiments, the grocery list may be stored in the memory 112 of the smart necklace 600. The smart necklace 600 may be in data communication with the smart watch 691 such that the smart necklace 600 can access the grocery list.

As the user 690 strolls through the grocery store, the stereo cameras 621 and/or the cameras 622 may scan the aisles and detect items. The smart necklace may determine whether each detected item in the store matches an item on the grocery list. When an item is detected in the grocery store, the smart necklace 600 may alert the user 690 to the presence of a matched item. The smart necklace 600 may inform the user 690 of the precise item and the precise location of the item. The smart necklace 600 may also or instead direct the user 690 to the precise item via audio tones/patterns or vibration patterns. The smart necklace 600 may determine directions given to the user 690 by comparing the location of the smart necklace 600 and/or an arm of the user 690 to the precise location of the item, and guide the user's arm to the item.

FIGS. 7A-7B depict one implementation of a smart necklace 700 having a “paddle” design, which may resemble two paddles connected by a band. The smart necklace 700 has a left paddle 751 and a right paddle 752, connected by a band 754, which may be a flexible band for added comfort. The smart necklace 700 corresponds to the smart necklace 100, and has similar components as the smart necklace 100, which are located within the left paddle 751, the right paddle 752, and the band 754. Specifically, the band 754 defines a cavity which houses the unseen components of the smart necklace 500.

The left paddle 751 and the right paddle 752 each have a pair of stereo cameras 721. Cameras 722 are placed to the sides of the stereo cameras 721 to increase the FOV. Speakers 732 are placed above the left paddle 751 and the right paddle 752. Microphones 731 are placed on the sides of the left paddle 751 and the right paddle 752 and towards the inside of the U-shape of the smart necklace 700, as seen in FIG. 7A. A headphone jack 743 provides a port for attaching, for example, a 3.5 mm headphone set. A data port 763 may provide an additional port for data connections. A touch sensor 734, which may be delimited with bump indicators 758, may provide another input for the user. A button 753 may be used as a power button or on/off switch, or other input.

An overmold 755, which may be rubber or silicone, may line a portion or a majority of the smart necklace 700 to provide added cushioning and grip. In addition, the smart necklace 700 may have braille 756 for identification or a label for blind persons. LEDs 735, placed near the bottom of the left paddle 751 and the right paddle 752, provide visual indicators, such as status indicators, and may have different colors or flashing patterns to indicate various statuses.

FIGS. 7C-7D illustrate a smart necklace 701, which is similar to the smart necklace 700 with a modified paddle design. A modified paddle 780, which may be either a right paddle or a left paddle or both, has the overmold 755, but narrows at a neck portion 785. The modified paddle 780 is configured to have removable pucks, such as a left puck 781 and a right puck 782 in FIG. 7D. The overmold 755 has a large, oblong puck opening 783 for housing the left puck 781 or the right puck 782. The overmold 755 further includes a side opening 784 to allow the cameras 722 to have a side view. The left puck 781 and the right puck 782 may be removed from the overmold 755 through the puck opening 783.

In other implementations, the left puck 781 and the right puck 782 may be slid out of an additional hole in the overmold 755, or other similar method as needed. For example, in other implementations the left puck 781 and the right puck 782 may be magnetically attachable, and may further be connected by a retractable tether. The neck portion 785 may contain a connection port for the left puck 781 and the right puck 782 to send signals to and from the smart necklace 700, and to receive power. The left puck 781 and the right puck 782 may further include its own battery, respectively.

In FIG. 7D, the left puck 781 has stereo cameras 721 separated by a stereo distance 757. The right puck 782 has the same stereo distance 757. However, in other implementations the stereo distance 757 may be different. In yet other implementations, the stereo distance 757 may be variable, giving the user the option to remove the left puck 781 and focus on a smaller object, or to get a wider view. For example, the user may wish to have more information about a specific item. By placing the left puck 781 near the item, the stereo cameras 721 may be better able to detect finer details and provide isolated object recognition to provide the user more descriptive information. In certain other implementations, the left puck 781 and/or the right puck 782 may have other sensors, such that the pucks are interchangeable with cameras or sensors as needed in a particular application.

Turning now to FIG. 8, FIG. 8 depicts one implementation of a smart necklace 800 having a “twist” design, which may resemble a twisted band or tube. The smart necklace 800 has a left prong 851 and a right prong 852, connected by a band 854, which may be a flexible band for added comfort. The smart necklace 800 corresponds to the smart necklace 100, and has similar components as the smart necklace 100, which are located within the left prong 851, the right prong 852, and the band 854. The left prong 851 and the right prong 852 each have a pair of stereo cameras 821. Cameras 822 are placed to the sides of the stereo cameras 821 to increase the FOV. An overmold 855, which may be rubber or silicone, may line a portion or a majority of the smart necklace 800 to provide added cushioning and grip. As seen in FIG. 8, the overmold 855 twists around the smart necklace 800, starting from the left prong 851 and twisting around the band 854. An LED 835, placed near the bottom of at least the left prong 851, provides a visual indicator, such as a status indicator, and may have different colors or flashing patterns to indicate various statuses.

Turning now to FIG. 9A, FIG. 9A depicts one implementation of a smart necklace 900 a having a removable tube 981 a with a camera, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The smart necklace 900 a corresponds to the smart necklace 100, and has similar components as the smart necklace 100, which are located within the left portion 951 a, the right portion 952 a, and the band 954 a. The left portion 951 a and the right portion 952 a may each have a pair of stereo cameras (not shown) similarly as discussed above with respect to FIGS. 5A-8. In one embodiment, the smart necklace 900 a may include input devices (e.g., a microphone), output devices (e.g., a speaker and/or haptic feedback), other units, or combinations thereof as described above with respect to embodiments shown in FIGS. 5A-8.

Similar to the embodiments described above with respect to FIGS. 7A-7D, a removable tube 981 a may be equipped with a camera. For example, the removable tube 981 may be magnetically attachable; attachable with a clip; connected by a retractable tether, wire or cable; or combinations thereof. For example, the user may wish to have more information about a specific item. By placing the camera of the removable tube 981 a near the item, the smart necklace 900 may be better able to detect finer details and provide isolated object recognition to provide the user more descriptive information. In other embodiments, removable tubes 981 a may be provided on the right portion 952 a or both portions 951 a and 952 a, or other portions of the smart necklace 900. In addition to or instead of the removable tube 981, other removable cameras may be provided using various other attaching mechanisms based on practical design and aesthetic concerns in order to allow the user to enhance detection of information.

The modularity of the smart necklace 900 provides for customization of the smart necklace 900. In some embodiments, it may be preferred for the smart necklace 900 to include a faster processor 111, a higher-quality camera 922, a night vision sensor 125, etc. instead of standard components. Because the removable tube 981 a can be easily detached and attached, a new removable tube 981 a can be provided having the desired components. This provides for the smart necklace 900 to be used in various situations instead of having to purchase smart necklaces 900 having different components thereon.

FIG. 9B is a view of a smart necklace with a removable tube 981 b connected to the smart necklace 900 b via a retractable cord 909, according to an alternative implementation. Smart necklace 900 b corresponds to the smart necklace 100, and has similar components as the smart necklace 900 a, which are located within the left portion 951 b, the right portion 952 b, and the band 954 b. A feature of this embodiment is that the removable tube 981 b is configured to be removed from an end of the left portion 951 b using a retractable cord 909 b. The retractable cord 909 b is preferably long enough for the user to remove the removable tube 981 b and direct a camera positioned on the removable tube 981 b towards any object.

A benefit of the smart necklace 900 b is that the removable tube 981 b cannot become lost. If a user removes the removable tube 981 b in order to enhance detection of information and the user forgets to reattach the removable tube 981 b, the removable tube 981 b will still be attached to the smart necklace 900 b.

FIG. 10A is a view of a smart necklace 1000 with indicators 1035, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The smart necklace 1000 corresponds to the smart necklace 100, and has similar components as the smart necklace 100, which are located within the left portion 1051, the right portion 1052, and the band 1054. The smart necklace 1000 includes a stereo cameras pair 1021 distributed between the left portion 1051 and the right portion 1052. The left portion 1051 also includes a button 1034 and three indicators 1035. The button 1034 and/or one or more indicators 1035 may be positioned on the right portion 1052 instead of the left portion 1051.

The button 1034 may act as an input to the smart necklace 1000. The button 1034 may function as a power button for turning the smart necklace 1000 on and off. A press of the button 1034 may also serve other purposes, such as signaling to the smart necklace 1000 that a verbal instruction will be provided from the user, changing modes of operation of the smart necklace 1000, etc.

The indicators 1035 may be LEDs that are capable of displaying one or more colors. The indicators 1035 can provide information about the status of the smart necklace. One indicator 1035 a may indicate a power status of the smart necklace 1000. Another indicator 1035 b may indicate a mode of operation of the smart necklace 1000. Another indicator 1035 c may indicate connectivity to a remote device, such as a smartphone, a smart watch, a tablet, etc. Any of the indicators 1035 may indicate the information mentioned above or any other information, such as wireless connection strength or status, a malfunction within the smart necklace 1000, a volume setting of the smart necklace 1000, or the like.

FIG. 10B is an enlarged view of the left portion 1051 of the smart necklace 1000 including indicators 1035 and one camera from the stereo camera pair 1021, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. As illustrated, the camera from the stereo camera pair 1021 is positioned distal to the band 1081 on the left portion 1051. Towards the band 1081 from the camera from the stereo camera pair 1021 is the button 1034. The indicator 1035 a is positioned towards the band 1081 from the button 1034. The indicator 1035 b is positioned further the band 1081 from the indicator 1035 a, and the indicator 1035 c is positioned towards the band 1081 from the indicator 1035 b.

It may be desirable for the indicators 1035 to be adjacent. This allows the display of information to be central to a particular location, so that all display information can be gathered by looking at one location of the smart necklace 1000. It may be desirable for the indicators 1035 to be not visible. They may become disturbing to others, such as during a movie at a movie theatre, at a nice restaurant, etc. To prevent this disturbance, the indicators 1035 may be positioned at a location where they are not visible to others. By grouping the indicators 1035 together, it may be easier to conceal the indicators 1035.

FIG. 11 is a view of a smart necklace with additional back-space for integrated electronics. The smart necklace 1100 corresponds to the smart necklace 100, and has similar components as the smart necklace 100, which are located within the left portion 1151, the right portion 1152, and the band 1154. The components illustrated on the left portion 1151 may instead be positioned on the right portion 1152, and the components illustrated on the right portion 1152 may instead be positioned on the left portion 1151. Additional components that are not illustrated may be positioned on the smart necklace 1100, and some of the components illustrated on the smart necklace 1100 may be removed.

The band 1154 may be enlarged as compared to other embodiments illustrated herein. The enlarged band 1154 may provide additional space for components to be positioned. The enlarged band 1154 may also provide additional comfort to the user. For some users, a skinny band may result in an uncomfortable amount of force being applied to a small area of the user's neck. By enlarging the band 1154, more surface is provided such that the weight of the smart necklace 1100 is distributed across a larger portion of the user's neck.

The enlarged band 1154 also provides additional space to house components. This additional space can improve the weight distribution within the smart necklace 1100. If most or all components were positioned on the right portion 1152 and the left portion 1151 and not the band 1154, then most of the weight would be towards the front of the smart necklace 1100. This may be uncomfortable for the users, and may result in too much swinging of the necklace. By distributing the weight between the front and the back, the smart necklace 1100 will be more comfortable to wear and will rest on the user's neck more easily.

As illustrated, the band 1154 includes a processor 1111, a memory 1112 and a battery 1141. Additional components may be positioned on the band as well. The components positioned on the band 1154 may be positioned such that the weight is evenly distributed about a center line that extends from the band 1154 through the middle of the left portion 1151 and the right portion 1152.

The left portion 1151 may include a flattened surface that is distal to the band 1154. The left portion 1151 includes stereo cameras 121. Also included in the left portion 1151 is a left speaker 1132 b. The left portion 1151 also includes a Bluetooth interface 1142A for facilitating wireless communications with any Bluetooth capable device, such as a cellphone, a laptop, a Bluetooth headset, etc. Also included in the left portion 1151 is an I/O port 1143 b. The I/O port 1143 b may be any port capable of receiving and transmitting data, such as a USB port, a mini-USB port, an HDMI port, or the like.

The right portion 1152 includes a right speaker 1123 a. The right speaker 1123 a may communicate with the left speaker 1123 b such that the speakers can provide stereo audio. Also included is a camera 1122. The camera 1122 may be a wide angle camera, such as one capable of capturing data across a 120 degree field of view.

The right portion 1152 (or in various embodiments, the left portion 1151) may include a surface that is at least partially flattened. The surface may include buttons 1134. Because the surface is flattened, user interaction with the buttons 1134 may be easier. In a preferred embodiment, the buttons 1134 may each correlate to a mode of operation of the smart necklace 1100, such that when one of the buttons 1134 is pressed, the smart necklace 1100 operates in a particular mode. In various embodiments, a user may scan through the modes in other manners, such as repeated clicking of one of the buttons 1134, repeatedly clicking one of the buttons 1134 to scroll in one direction and another of the buttons 1134 to scroll in the other, voice commands or the like.

Using the one-button-per-mode system provides simplified user input. In many situations, it may be preferred for the user to be able to switch modes without drawing attention to himself. By learning the location of the buttons 1134 and which mode of operation each button causes, the user can quietly and easily select a preferred operating mode without drawing attention of other people around him. Situations may also arise where it would be difficult for the smart necklace 1100 to understand the user's voice over the ambient noise. This one-button-per-mode system prevents this issue, as no speaking may be required of the user.

The smart necklace 1100 may operate in four modes: explorer mode, scan mode, find mode and capture. While in the explorer mode, the smart necklace 1100 provides data to the user associated with the surroundings of the user. In some embodiments, the smart necklace 1100 may describe data collected by the stereo cameras 1121, the camera 1122 and/or any other sensor to the user. In some embodiments, the smart necklace 1100 may only described data that is collected while the user is moving (i.e., the field of view of the stereo cameras 1121 and/or the camera 1122 is changing). The data may only be certain data, such as hazards, whether a friend of the user is passing by, whether a user's favorite restaurant is detected, etc.

While in the scan mode, the smart necklace 1100 may describe everything that is in the field of view of the stereo cameras 1121, the camera 1122 and/or any other sensor. For example, the smart necklace 1100 may describe everything in the field of view, such as by telling the user that object X is at your 10:00, object Y is at your 11:00, objects Z and W are at your 12:00, etc. The smart necklace 1100 may operate in the scan mode even if it is not in motion and/or being worn. For example, the user could place the smart necklace 1100 in a charging dock or in any other position in which the smart necklace 1100 could capture data with the stereo cameras 1121 and/or the camera 1122. The smart necklace 1100 could then continue to describe information that is in the field of view of the stereo cameras 1121 and/or the camera 1122.

While in the find mode, the smart necklace 1100 can navigate the user to a desired object, place, person, etc. The user can provide data about the desired object, place, person, etc., such as by speaking the name of the object, place, person, etc. The smart necklace 1100 can then determine the location of the object, place, person, etc. and provide navigation directions to the user.

The capture mode may allow the smart necklace 1100 to store its current position in the memory 1112 so that it can guide the user back to the same location at a later time. The capture mode may include 2 instructions—capture and return. Capture stores the position information (and possibly any obstacles that may arise during a return trip to the position) while return causes the smart necklace 1100 to provide navigation instructions to the user for a return to the position. In various embodiments, a single press of the capture button may indicate the capture instruction and a double click indicates the return instruction.

The right portion 1152 includes an I/O port 1143 a. The I/O port 1143 a may be any port capable of receiving and transmitting data, such as a USB port, a mini-USB port, an HDMI port, or the like. A strap 1190 may also be provided. In various embodiments, the strap 1190 may electrically connect the components positioned on the left portion 1151 to the components positioned on the right portion 1152 via the I/O ports 1143. The electrical connection between the left portion 1151 and the right portion 1152 may increase robustness of the smart necklace 1100. By allowing the components on the left portion 1151 to communicate with the components on the right portion 1152 via a shorter path (i.e., the strap 1190), the components may become better synchronized. This may allow for faster data processing as well as more synchronized stereo output of the speakers 1132 and/or vibration units 1133.

The strap 1190 may physically attach to the left portion 1151 and/or the right portion 1152 via a snap connector, a magnetic connection, a buckle or the like. This physical connection may increase stability of the smart necklace 1100. The strap 1190 may act as a safety against the smart necklace 1100 falling off of the user and becoming damaged. The strap 1190 may also help to stabilize the smart necklace 1100 so that the smart necklace does not shift while the user is in motion.

In various embodiments, the strap 1190 may provide only a physical connection or only an electrical connection.

The smart necklace 1100 also includes an antenna 1142. The antenna 1142 may be adapted to communicate wirelessly with another smart device 1101, a cloud 1105, a tablet or the like.

The smart device 1101 may include a processor 1111A, a memory 1112A and an antenna 1142A. The antenna 1142A may be adapted to communicate with the antenna 1142 of the smart necklace 1100. The smart necklace 1100 may take advantage of the connection to the processor 1111A and/or the memory 1112A of the smart device 1101. For example, the smart necklace 1100 may cause the processor 1111A to perform some or all of the processing normally performed by the processor 1111. Additionally, the smart necklace 1100 may use the memory 1112A for storage instead of or in addition to the memory 1112. In some embodiments, the smart necklace 1100 does not include the processor 1111 and/or the memory 1112 and relies solely on the remote device 1101 for processing and storage.

The cloud 1105 may include a processor 1111B and a memory 1112B. The antenna 1142 may be able to communicate with the cloud 1105. The smart necklace 1100 may take advantage of the connection to the processor 1111B and/or the memory 1112B of the cloud 1105. For example, the smart necklace 1100 may cause the processor 1111B to perform some or all of the processing normally performed by the processor 1111. Additionally, the smart necklace 1100 may use the memory 1112B for storage instead of or in addition to the memory 1112. In some embodiments, the smart necklace 1100 does not include the processor 1111 and/or the memory 1112 and relies solely on the cloud 1105 for processing and storage.

FIG. 12 illustrates an exemplary method 1200 for human interaction using the smart necklace 100. The method 1200 is only an example of the detection and analysis or processing of the first detected data and/or the second detected data. The blocks of method 1200 may be performed simultaneously or in various combinations of orders. In blocks 1202 and 1204, the first data and the second data are detected using the camera 122 (including the stereo cameras 121 and/or the omnidirectional camera 122) and/or additional sensor 125. The degree to which data can be collected regarding the surrounding environment of the user and matters therein may depend on what or which camera 122 and/or additional sensor 125 are available and the processing limitations of the processor 111 and/or the external device and/or cloud. As such, the method 1200 may be adjusted accordingly in real time by monitoring such limitations.

The processor 111 may work in concert with the cameras 122 (including the stereo cameras 121 and/or the omnidirectional camera 122) and/or additional sensor 125 for improving collection of the first detected data and/or the second detected data. The processor 111 may also consider whether the user or a person is requesting or attempting to convey information. For example, if a user is making a facial expression without speech to communicate with the smart necklace 100, the processor 111 can direct the speaker 132 to pose follow-up questions or inquiries in order to supplement or clarify the detected data. For example, the method 1200 may direct an output speech to be generated, thereby asking the user to clarify the facial expression. The user may then respond in a voice command clarifying the conveyed information. In other embodiments, this facial expression recognition setup may be performed by a person other than the user.

In block 1206, the method 1200 detects dynamic objects or beings. In one embodiment, the method 1200 may detect movement, changes in a scene or other dynamic regions as observed by cameras in order to focus the cameras 122 and/or additional sensor 125 on the detected dynamic regions. The processor 111 classifies the detected dynamic region as described below.

For example, detection of a person, living being, and/or a dynamic object may be performed by looking for changes in data detected by the cameras 122 and/or additional sensor 125. Changes in data received from the cameras 122 and/or additional sensor 125 may be identified by first estimating the motion of the smart necklace 100 using the GPS 124, the IMU 123 or techniques such as visual odometry which allow estimation of the motion of a camera by tracking corner or blob features between two camera frames. As such, the smart necklace 100 may identify motion in the surrounding environment of the user which does not correspond to the motion of the smart necklace 100.

Upon identifying the changing parts of the scene within the first detected data and the second detected data, the smart necklace 100 seeks to recognize the changing elements, using techniques such as “eigenfaces” and “skeletal recognition” to recognize persons and faces. Additionally, standard techniques like Support Vector Machines, Deformable Parts Model and dynamic programming can be used to learn different models for various object/person classes. The types of features that can be used in these recognition tasks can be any combination of features like SIFT (Scale-Invariant Feature Transform), SURF (Speeded Up Robust Features), Gist modeling, Sobel, Fast, and other features and/or techniques that enable the method 1200 to recognize a person, object, living being, or place/environment within a proximity of the user.

Thus, by detecting the dynamic regions, a new person entering the environment within the proximity of the user may be detected in block 1212 and a dynamic object or being can be detected in block 1206 and classified by the processor 111 accordingly. Simultaneously or thereafter, the smart necklace 100 extracts the remaining static regions in block 1216. In one embodiment, in block 1216, additional second detected data are collected from static objects in block 1218 and from an environment or place within a proximity of the user in block 1220.

The microphone 131 may communicate with a speech recognition module to detect speech, conversation or interaction as shown in block 1208. The smart necklace 100 may further extract conversation elements containing useful data in block 1210. In block 1222, the processor 111 matches extracted conversation or speech elements from block 1210 to the detected person, object, living being, place/environment, or combinations thereof.

In block 1228, the method 1200 looks up prior relevant information or learned data based on context and based on the matched conversation events from block 1222 regarding the person, object, living being, place/environment, or combinations thereof. In block 1226, the processor 111 stores relevant information for later use in the memory 112 based on prior relevant information. For example, if the processor 111 detects facial features of a person entering the environment and also detects that the new person is speaking, the speech elements can be matched with the new person. Speech data related to the person may be stored in the memory 112 for later use. The microphone 131 may include a 3-D microphone or a microphone array to localize the origin of the sound or voice. The smart necklace 100 can track and log data related to the person in order to supplement the first detected data. The method 1200 may actively and automatically output a second output data in block 1250 based on the matched conversation events to the corresponding person, place/environment, living beings, or combinations thereof of block 1222 and further based on the inferred context and interaction key points from block 1224.

The processing of data (e.g., in blocks 1206-1250) can be performed by continuously analyzing data gathered by the cameras 122 and/or additional sensor 125 in real time. The external device and/or cloud may be utilized due to restraints on the information storage capacity of the memory 112, energy capacity challenges associated with processing using solely the processor 111, and processing power limits of the processor 111. However, in one embodiment, both on-board and off-board processing capabilities are utilized to prepare for events in which the on-board processing may be preferable (e.g., a poor connection in cloud communications) to ensure a minimal level of capability. For example, if the method 1200 is implemented in a robotic device/platform that may not have sufficient capacity to perform the blocks described herein, the external device and/or cloud can provide assistance in sharing the load of the processing.

In block 1230, the processor 111 may passively output, using the speaker 132, a first output data upon an input/request received by the processor 111 or a predetermined or scheduled event stored in the memory 112.

The processor 111 may further actively and automatically output, using the speaker 132, a second output data based on the first detected data and/or the second detected data, the previously detected, processed, and stored first and/or second data, the pre-programmed algorithm stored in the memory 112.

As discussed above, the interface array 130 communicates with the user or another person based on the detected data. The interface array 130 may communicate via the display 135 or a projection system in communication with the processor 111. The display 135 or projection system may be positioned on a remote device, such as a cellular telephone wirelessly connected to the smart necklace 100. The interface array may also communicate via the speaker 132.

The output images/videos may be displayed using an LCD, an organic light emitting display, a plasma display, light-emitting diodes, or any other display mechanism for displaying the output images/videos.

FIG. 13A illustrates an exemplary method for navigating a smart necklace 100 and/or providing helpful information to a user of the smart necklace 100 based on detected data.

Block 1301 refers to various methods of data collection using the smart necklace 100.

In block 1302, the smart necklace 100 may detect image data using the camera 122. The image data may correspond to the surrounding environment, objects or living beings therein, the user, and/or other surrounding elements. For example, the image data may be associated with the shape of a room or objects within the room. As another example, the smart necklace 100 may detect image data including facial recognition data.

In block 1303, an IMU 123 is coupled to the platform and configured to detect inertial measurement data corresponding to a positioning, velocity, or acceleration of the intelligent navigation device. A GPS unit (GPS) 124 is configured to detect location data corresponding to a location of the intelligent navigation device.

In block 1304, speech data or audio data is detected using the microphone 131. This information may be information associated with the user, with the environment, with other people, actions, events, and various other items regarding social interaction and the surrounding environment. For example, when in a particular room, the smart necklace 100, via the interface array 130, may receive information from the user or another person, such as the type of room (i.e., “this is the living room”). As another example, a user may want to name or add information regarding a particular person. In this instance, the smart necklace 100, via the interface array 130, may receive information from the user such as to name the person (i.e., “he is Johnny”). Alternatively, the processor 111 may actively infer this information by parsing a conversation with the other person, without a user input that is directed to the smart necklace 100.

Referring to another example, the user may provide input to the smart necklace 100 that the user is performing a particular action, such as going to lunch. As another example, the user may provide input to the device that a hazard exists at the current position and a description of the hazard. Alternatively, the processor 111 may actively infer this information by parsing conversations, analyzing detected image data, etc. as discussed above with respect to FIG. 5 and as discussed further below.

The data may further include a request. This request may be, for example, a request to identify a person, identify a room, identify an object, identify any other place, navigate to a certain location such as an address or a particular room in a building, to remind the user of his current action, what color an object is, if an outfit matches, where another person is pointing or looking, etc. The output of block 1314 (determining a desirable event or action) or of block 1316 (determining a destination) can be based on the requested information. Although speech data is discussed with respect to block 1304, the information can be gathered using any combination of components of the interface array 130 and/or the sensor array 120.

In block 1305, the processor 111 may establish communication with a person other than the user via the interface array 130 and/or via a connection with a remote device. The remote connection may be established via a wireless communication antenna 142, as discussed further below.

The processor 111 may determine whether communication with a person other than the user is desirable or requested. For example, when the detected data suggests that the user requires an opinion of another person, a communication channel may be established with a device of another person. For example, when the detected speech regarding an outfit of the user, facial recognition data regarding the user being indecisive or wondering about what to wear, and/or perceived action of a user in front of a mirror indicate that the user needs fashion advice from another person, a video teleconference between the user and a friend of the user may be established. From prior conversations/interactions, the processor 111 may have previously stored a user's friend's contact information. The processor 111 may categorize types of friends of the user and recognize that this communication needs to be with a friend that the user is comfortable with. The processor 111 may output data to the user letting the user know that a video conference or teleconference will be established with the friend. The smart necklace 100 may provide a video connection to a friend of the user or send a picture of the outfit to a friend of the user. In this example, the friend may provide a response as to whether or not the outfit matches. The friend may also assist the user in finding an alternate outfit that matches.

In block 1306, data is received from the user, the environment, and/or other objects/beings via the interface array 130. For example, data may be detected from a touch-screen display 135, from a keyboard or buttons of an input device 134, or other devices capable of interfacing with the user or another person to receive input data.

In block 1307, data may be detected using other components of the sensor array 120. For example, data may be detected from the other sensors 125 as discussed above. This information may be information associated with the user, with the environment, objects within the environment, and/or with other living beings/people.

In block 1308, the smart necklace 100 may also receive data from another device using the antenna 142 or the I/O port, such as data regarding a map of a building, or any other data. Data may be shared among the smart necklace 100, other devices of the user (for example, a portable electronic device of the user such as a smart phone or tablet), a remote server, or devices of others connected and with permission to access (for example, devices of the friends of the user).

In block 1308, data is retrieved via the antenna 142 and/or I/O port 143. This data may be information indicating to the smart necklace 100 that the user should be performing a particular set of actions. For example, the user may be in a hospital. The received information may be processed real time or stored for later use in the memory 112. The information may relate to mealtimes of the user. The smart necklace 100 may then know that the user is to eat lunch at 12:00 pm in the cafeteria every day. As another example, the smart necklace 100 may access the user's cellular phone and download the user's schedule.

In block 1311, the processor 111 matches collected data from block 1301 to relevant data stored in the memory. This includes object recognition. The processor 111 recognizes an object in the surrounding environment by analyzing the detected data based, on the stored object data and at least one of the inertial measurement data or the location data. The object data stored in the memory 112 can be obtained from block 1312.

In block 1312, the memory 112 stores relevant data locally and/or remotely. For example, locally stored data may be data stored in a memory coupled to the smart necklace 100. Remotely stored data may include data accessed from a remote server or another device via the antenna 142 and/or I/O port 143. A schedule of the user may be periodically transmitted to the smart necklace 100 via the antenna 142.

In block 1313, the processor 111 matches data collected in block 1301 to relevant data stored in the memory. This includes object recognition as discussed above. The processor 111 recognizes an object in the surrounding environment by analyzing the detected data based on the stored object data and at least one of the inertial measurement data or the location data. The retrieved data can include data stored in the cloud or the internet. The processor 111 determines what information is desirable to process the request. For example, if the user requested to be navigated to the living room, the smart necklace 100 may need to know where the living room is, a layout of an entire route from the user to the living room and any hazards that may be present. As another example, if the user asked if his clothes match, then the smart necklace 100 may need to know what type of clothes match, what colors match and what the user is wearing.

The processor 111 accesses the memory 112 to retrieve the information desired to process the request. For example, if the user requested to be navigated to the living room, the smart necklace 100 may retrieve the location of the living room, a layout of the route from the user to the living room and any known hazards.

The processor 111 may determine whether or not the memory 112 has sufficient helpful information regarding the detected data. For example, when the user requests walking directions between two points, and a layout of a route is not available in the memory 112, the smart necklace 100 may access the internet or the cloud via the antenna 142 and/or the I/O port 143 to retrieve this missing information.

In block 1314, the processor 111 determines a desirable event or action. The processor 111 may determine a desirable event or action based on the recognized object, the previously determined user data and a current time or day. Current day or time is relevant for determining the current desirable event, action, destination, speech, etc. as discussed below.

The smart necklace 100 may determine whether or not the user should be at a particular location and/or performing a particular action at any given time. For example, the processor 111 may match a previously stored lunch event to a current date/time (i.e., noon). The processor 111 may also match the previously stored lunch event to a time before the event. For example, if the user is to have lunch at noon somewhere that is 30 minutes away, the processor may determine a match at 11:30 am. As another example, a desirable action may be to wear certain clothes with other matching items. A desirable event may be to go to lunch if the current day/time indicates that the user in a nursing home should attend a lunch gathering event.

In block 1315, the smart necklace 100, via the interface array 130, may output data based on the inferred current desirable event, action/destination, etc. For example, if the inferred action is to find matching clothes, the processor may determine whether or not the outfit matches. As another example, if a destination is inferred, the processor may determine a viable navigation route for the user. The output may be, for example, a series of verbal phrases (i.e., step-by-step walking directions) via the speaker 132. The output may also be, for example, vibrations informing the user of the data. For example, a vibration in the left side of the smart necklace 100 may signify to turn left, a vibration in the right side of the smart necklace 100 may signify to turn right, a vibration in both sides may signify to stop, a continuous vibration in both the right and the left sides of the smart necklace 100 may signify to slow down, or any other combination of vibrations may indicate any of these or any other command.

Discussion now turns to navigation features of the smart necklace 100. In order to provide navigation information to the user, the processor 111 at least determines two sets of data: (I) data regarding positioning and/or location of the smart necklace 100 and/or the user and (II) data regarding the surrounding environment, persons, objects, living beings, etc.

Referring back to block 1302, data regarding the surrounding terrain of the smart necklace 100 is detected using the camera 122. As discussed above, the blocks in FIG. 13A are not necessarily performed in the order shown. The processor 111 may determine, for example, that further image data is required to learn about the terrain after a destination is determined. When navigating indoors, the standalone GPS units may not provide enough information to a blind user to navigate around obstacles and reach desired locations or features. The smart necklace 100 may recognize, for instance, stairs, exits, and restrooms and appropriately store them in the memory 112.

For example, the stereo cameras 121 may provide depth information of the surrounding environment and obstacles. Alternatively or in addition, one or more other cameras 122 may be utilized to provide information regarding the surrounding environment.

Referring back to block 1303, data using the GPS 124 and/or the IMU 123 is detected. This data can be used along with data obtained from the camera 122 to gain an understanding of the terrain.

In blocks 1317, 1318 a, and 1318 b, the processor 111 analyzes data obtained using the camera 122 based on the data obtained from the GPS 124 and/or the IMU 123, and vice versa. In block 1317, information set (II) can be used to gain a better/more accurate understanding of the information set (I) and vice versa.

In block 1317, the processor determines data regarding the location or positioning of the smart necklace 100 using at least one of image data, inertial measurement data obtained using the IMU 123, location data obtained using the GPS 124, and relevant stored data (for example, map data stored in the memory 112).

In block 1318 a, the processor 111 may analyze features of images collected using the camera 122 and recognize the environment objects using object recognition. For example, data collected by the IMU 123 can be used to determine the amount and speed of movement to improve accuracy of detection using data collected by the camera 122. In addition, the IMU 123 may indicate a direction in which the collected information is located. For example, if the IMU 123 indicates that the information is regarding objects from a direction above the smart necklace 100, the processor 111 can determine that the surface is more likely to be ceiling than ground.

In addition, data collected using the GPS 124 can enhance identification of data collected by the camera 122. For example, if the camera 122 provides an image of the building, the processor 111 can determine if the building is detected correctly by utilizing data regarding the location of the user in the world, because building types differ in different parts of the world.

The GPS information may be inadequate because it may not provide sufficiently detailed information about the surrounding environment. However, the GPS information can be utilized along with visual data from the camera 122 to draw inferences that are helpful to the user. For example, if the GPS information indicates that the smart necklace 100 is currently inside a building, and the camera 122 provides information regarding an object, the processor 111 can limit its search to objects that would rationally be inside the building. For example, if an image provided by the camera 122 appears like a truck, the processor 111 can rule out the possibility that the object is a truck based on the GPS information. In other words, it is more likely to be an image of a poster of a truck, because the poster can rationally be within a building and a truck cannot. The GPS 124 provides location information, which along with the inertial guidance information, including velocity and orientation information provided by the IMU 123, allows the processor 111 to help direct the user.

The memory 112 may store, for example, map information or data to help locate and provide navigation commands to the user. The map data may be preloaded, downloaded wirelessly through the antenna 142, or may be visually determined, such as by capturing a building map posted near a building's entrance, or built from previous encounters and recordings. The map data may be abstract, such as a network diagram with edges, or a series of coordinates with features. The map data may contain points of interest to the user, and as the user walks, the camera 122 may passively recognize additional points of interest and update the map data.

In block 1316, the processor 111 determines a desired destination based on the determined desirable action or event.

For example, the smart necklace 100 may direct the user to an empty seat, or may remember the user's specific seat in order to navigate the user away and subsequently return to the same seat. Other points of interest may be potential hazards, descriptions of surrounding structures, alternate routes, and other locations. Additional data and points of interest can be downloaded and/or uploaded to mobile devices and other devices, social networks, or the cloud, through Bluetooth or other wireless networks.

In block 1318 b, based on the analyzed data, a maneuverability condition/non-traversable region is detected. For example, a non-traversable region may be a region where the user cannot safely travel, such as a tar pit.

In block 1319, the processor 111 determines a path over which the user can travel. The path excludes the detected non-traversable regions in block 1318 b. The smart necklace 100 may determine paths for navigation, which may be further modified for the user's needs. For example, a blind person may prefer routes that follow walls. Using the IMU 123 and/or the GPS 124 and other sensors, the smart necklace 100 can determine the user's location and orientation to guide them along the path, avoiding obstacles.

For example, the path may be towards a desired object (empty chair) as discussed above. The smart necklace 100 may identify obstacles or paths for the user, and based on either the speed of the traveler or the intended direction of the traveler, be able to filter down what the significant obstacles or potential paths are. The smart necklace 100 may then guide the user based on those significant obstacles or paths. Guidance may be, for example, auditory feedback or vibratory feedback, for either the path or objects to avoid.

In block 1322, the output data from block 1315 may be conveyed to the user using various outputs of the interface array 130. Multimode feedback is provided to the user to guide the user on the path. This feedback is also provided to guide the user towards the desired destination/object and is presented via a combination of speech, vibration, mechanical feedback, electrical stimulation, display, etc. With blind users, the processor 111 may keep the range of vision in mind when outputting information. A blind or partially blind person can identify most of the things that are less than three feet away using a cane. Objects and other items of interest more than 30 feet away may not be of utmost importance because of the distance.

While travelling along the path, the smart necklace 100 may inform the user about signs or hazards along the path. The vibration unit 133 and/or the speaker 132 provide audio and haptic cues to help guide the user along the path. For example, the speaker 132 may play a command to move forward a specified distance. Then, special audio tones or audio patterns can play when the user is at a waypoint, and guide the user to make a turn by providing additional tones or audio patterns. A first tone, audio pattern or vibration can alert the user to the start of a turn. For example, a single tone or a vibration from a left smart necklace may indicate a left turn. A second tone, audio pattern or vibration can alert the user that the turn is complete. For example, two tones may be provided, or the vibration may stop so that a left device ceases to vibrate, when the turn is complete.

Different tones or patterns may also signify different degrees of turns, such as a specific tone for a 45 degree turn and a specific tone for a 90 degree turn. Alternatively or in addition to tones and vibrations, the smart necklace 100 may provide verbal cues, similar to a car GPS navigation command. High level alerts may also be provided through audio feedback. For example, as the smart necklace 100 reaches a predetermined distance—such as a foot or other value which may be stored in the memory 112 and may be adjusted—from an obstacle or hazard, the speaker 132 and/or the vibration unit 133 may provide audible alerts. As the smart necklace 100 gets closer to the obstacle, the audible alerts and/or vibrations may increase in intensity or frequency.

As an example of the method illustrated in FIG. 6A, the user may give a voice command, “Take me to building X in Y campus.” The smart necklace 100 may then download or retrieve from memory a relevant map, or may navigate based on perceived images from the camera 122. As the user follows the navigation commands from the smart necklace 100, the user may walk by a coffee shop in the morning, and the smart necklace 100 would recognize the coffee shop. The smart necklace 100 may use this recognition and the time of day, along with the user's habits, and appropriately alert the user that the coffee shop is nearby. The smart necklace 100 may verbally alert the user through the speaker 132. The user may use the input device 134 to adjust settings, which for example may control the types of alerts, what details to announce, and other parameters which may relate to object recognition or alert settings. The user may turn on or off certain features as needed.

FIG. 6B illustrates an exemplary method for providing assistance to a user of the smart necklace 100 based on an inferred current desirable event, action, destination, etc. In block 1350, data is retrieved from the memory 112 and/or via the antenna 142 and/or the I/O port 143. This data may be information indicating to the smart necklace 100 that the user should be performing a particular set of actions. For example, the user may be in a hospital. In this example, let's assume that the memory 112 includes information related to mealtimes of the user. The device may then know that the user is to eat lunch at 12:00 pm in the cafeteria every day. As another example, the user may inform the smart necklace 100 of his/her schedule. For example, the user may inform the device that he/she has a meeting at 5:00 PM this Friday at 600 Anton Blvd.

In block 1352, the smart necklace 100 may determine whether or not the user should be at a particular location and/or performing a particular action at any given time. If not, the process may return to block 1350. If so, the process may proceed to block 1354.

In block 1354, data associated with the current actions of the user is detected by the sensor array 120. For example, the GPS 124 and/or the IMU 123 may sense that the smart necklace 100 is traveling towards the cafeteria or towards 600 Anton Blvd. As another example, the microphone 131 may detect data indicating that the user is busy talking to another person.

In block 1356, it is determined whether the current actions of the user match the particular set of actions from block 1350. For example, if the user is not moving towards the cafeteria and he is supposed be at lunch in 5 minutes, the current actions do not match the particular actions. If the current actions do match the particular actions from block 1350, then the process returns to block 1354 to ensure that the user continues to perform the particular actions.

In block 1358, the user is informed of the particular actions via the interface array 130. For example, if the device is travelling away from the cafeteria, the smart necklace 100 may provide data to the user that he should be going to lunch now. If the user does not begin the particular set of actions retrieved in block 1350, then the smart necklace 100 may again notify the user after a predetermined amount of time. However, the smart necklace 100 may have learned when the user does not want to be interrupted. For example, the user may not want to be interrupted during a conversation. If the microphone 131 detects that the user is having a conversation, the smart necklace 100 may wait until after the conversation to inform the user.

The smart necklace 100 may determine, via the interface array 130, whether or not the user needs more information. The smart necklace 100 may have previously learned preferences of the user, such as if he is wobbling back and forth, he requires directions. The smart necklace 100 may also request navigational information. For example, the user may request directions to the cafeteria. The user can provide data to the smart necklace 100 via the interface array 130 that he does or does not need more information. If the user does not require additional information, the process proceeds to block 1364.

In block 1364, the processor 111 determines whether or not the particular set of actions from block 1350 is complete. If the particular actions are complete, then the process ends. If the particular actions are not complete, then the process returns to block 1354.

An example of the process in FIG. 13B will now be provided. Assume that the user is supposed to be in the cafeteria for lunch. The smart necklace 100 may determine that the user is supposed to be in the cafeteria and that the user is not moving towards the cafeteria. The smart necklace 100 may then, via the interface array 130, provide feedback to the user, such as audio feedback that says, “time to go to lunch.” The user may then return feedback to the smart necklace 100, such as “I'm not ready yet” or “let's go.” If the user is not yet ready, the smart necklace 100 may remind the user again that it is lunch time after a predetermined amount of time. When he is ready, the user may provide data to the smart necklace 100 that he is ready to go.

The smart necklace 100 may then request feedback from the user to determine whether he needs directions or not. If the user responds no, then the smart necklace 100 may not provide any current information. However, if the user responds yes, then the smart necklace 100 may navigate the user to the cafeteria. The smart necklace 100 may also be configured so that it communicates with another device. For example, the smart necklace 100 may provide data to a terminal in the cafeteria that the user is on his way for lunch, so that his food can be prepared and a seat ready for him when he arrives. As the user arrives, the smart necklace 100 may provide additional data to the user such as where his table is and who he is sitting with.

In some embodiments, the smart necklace 100 may learn preferences of the user. For example, it may learn what chair the user normally sits at for lunch. In this example, the smart necklace 100 may determine where the user's normal lunchtime chair is. To do so, it may use sensed visual data from the camera 122, position data from the GPS 124, the IMU 123 and/or any other detected data, as well as shape analysis as described above in regards to FIG. 2. Once the smart necklace 100 determines where the chair is, it may guide the user to the chair so that the user can safely get to the chair and sit down.

FIG. 14 illustrates an exemplary method of danger assistance by the smart necklace 100. In block 1400, data is detected by the sensor array 120. This data may be visual data, position data, or any other data that the sensor array can sense. For example, the IMU 123 may detect data indicating that the user has fallen down or that the user is in an upside down position. The camera 122 may detect visual data such as a large object extremely close to the lens. The sensor array 120 may detect any other information such as data indicating a fire or a flood.

In block 1402, the detected data is compared to data indicative of danger stored in the memory 112. This data in the memory 112 may be, for example, data associated with a falling motion of a user. The data may also be, for example, data associated with an object falling on the user. The processor 111 compares the data indicative of danger from the memory 112 to the detected data to determine if there is a match. For example, if detected data matches data indicating that a large object has fallen on the user, then a match exists.

In block 1404, if no match exists between the data indicative of danger and the detected data, then the process returns to block 1400 where data continues to be detected. If, however, a match does exist, then the process proceeds to block 1406. In block 1406, the smart necklace 100 requests that the user provide information such as whether the user is ok. The user may provide this information via the interface array 130. This information may be, for example, a spoken “yes, I am ok,” or “no, I am not ok.”

In block 1408, it is determined whether the user responded that he needs assistance, responded that he does not need assistance, or did not respond at all. If the user responded that he does not need assistance, then the process returns to block 1400. If the user responded that he does need assistance or if the user did not respond to the inquiry, then the process proceeds to block 1410.

In block 1410, the smart necklace 100 may, via the interface array 130, request that the user provide information about whether the user wants to communicate with a person or to have a remote device alerted.

In block 1412, it is determined whether or not the user selected to communicate with a person. If the user selected to communicate with a person, then in block 1414, a communication channel may be established between the user and the desired people/person. Additionally, the user may select whom he wants to speak with. For example, he may wish to contact his personal physician, the police, a friend, or any other person or service. The smart necklace 100 may also have learned with whom to open a communication channel. For example, if fire data is detected, the smart necklace 100 may open a communication with a fire department or “911” call center.

The communication may be established, for example, by connecting the smart necklace to a cellular device via the antenna 142 and/or the I/O port 143. After the connection is established, the smart necklace 100 may cause the cellular device to place a video call or a voice call to the requested person or institution. The microphone 131 of the smart necklace 100 may act as the microphone for the cellular device and the speaker 132 of the smart necklace 100 may act as the speaker of the cellular device. Once the communication is established, the user may communicate with the requested person and provide information. The smart necklace 100 may also provide information to a device on the other end of the communication, such as any data associated with the danger, any location data, etc. Any information may also be communicated via a Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc. element of the smart necklace 100. For example, the smart necklace 100 may establish a VoIP connection via Wi-Fi.

If, in block 1412, the user did not select to communicate with a person, or the user did not respond, the process may proceed to block 1416. In block 1416, a remote device is alerted of the danger via the antenna and/or the I/O port. This alert may consist of any data captured around the time of the incident, any location data, etc. The alert may be communicated by a connection to a cellular device via the antenna 142 and/or the I/O port 143, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc.

FIG. 15A illustrates an exemplary method for safety monitoring and alerting. The process begins in block 1500 when movement is detected by the smart necklace 100. This movement may be detected, for example, by the IMU 123 or the GPS 124. After the process begins, in block 1502, new data is detected by the smart necklace using the sensor array 120. This data may include any data detected by the sensor array 120, such as visual data (streets, sidewalks, people), position data (location of the user, direction of travel), audio data (such as a moving car sound, a siren, an alarm), or any other data. In block 1506, this new data is stored in the memory 112.

In block 1506, this new data is compared to data recorded in the memory 112. The data recorded in the memory 112 may include data captured at the same location at a previous time. The data recorded in the memory 112 may also include data captured at the same location or nearby at a time prior to the current time, such as milliseconds, seconds, or minutes prior to the current time. The processor may make this comparison using the object recognition method of FIG. 2.

In block 1508, it is determined whether or not a divergence is detected between the new data and the data recorded in the memory 112. This divergence may include, for example, data indicating that a new object is in the field of view of the smart necklace 100 that was not previously detected. A divergence may also include, for example, that a previously-present object is no longer in the field of view. The divergence may also include, for example, a new sound, such as a police siren.

In block 1510, if a divergence is detected in the new data, a second data may be output to the user via the interface array 130 based on this divergence. As an example, let's assume that a divergence includes a boulder in the middle of the sidewalk. In this example, the smart necklace 100 may provide data to the user indicating the divergence. For example, the smart necklace 100 may, using the speaker 132, inform the user that an object matching the shape of a boulder is 10 feet directly ahead of the user. Alternately or additionally, the smart necklace 100 may provide haptic feedback to the user based on the divergence.

In block 1512, it is determined whether or not the divergence includes text. For example, the divergence may be a sign or police tape including text. The processor 111 may make this determination by comparing the new detected data to data indicating the shape of text characters to determine if any matches exist.

In block 1514, if is determined that the divergence includes text, then the smart necklace 100 may output data to the user via the interface array 130 based on the text of the divergence. For example, the data may include audio data indicating the content of the text of the divergence.

In block 1516, it is determined whether or not the divergence presents a hazard. The memory 112 may have stored data which can be compared to detected data in order to determine if a divergence is hazardous. For example, the memory 112 may have stored therein visual data associated with a bobcat and an indicator that a bobcat is hazardous. As another example, the memory 112 may have stored therein visual data associated with the shape of a caution sign and the word caution, and that this data is an indicator of a hazard.

As another example, instead of having data representing a dangerous object, the memory 112 may store situational data. An example of situational data is that the smart necklace 100 may recognize that if a large object is in the middle of a sidewalk that the user is walking along, the object may present a hazard. Another example of situational data is that the smart necklace may recognize that if visual data of an area had been previously sensed and stored, and the visual data of the area is significantly different in the present sensing of the area, then a danger may exist.

In block 1518, if it is determined that the divergence does present a hazard, the smart necklace 100 may warn the user via the interface array 130. The warning may include, for example, an output via the speaker 132 informing the user that a hazard exists and the location of the hazard. The smart necklace 100 may also output, for example, the type of hazard. If the smart necklace 100 detected a caution sign that read “potholes in the sidewalk,” then the smart necklace 100 may output data to the user informing the user that potholes exist in the sidewalk. The smart necklace 100 may also inform the user of the locations of the potholes as the smart necklace 100 detects them. In some embodiments, the smart necklace 100 may provide vibrational data to the user via the vibration unit 133. For example, as the user approaches a hazard, the vibration unit 133 may produce increasingly frequent vibrations.

Next, it is determined whether or not more movement of the smart necklace 100 is detected. If no more movement is detected, then the user is standing still and the process may end. If movement is detected, then the process may return to block 1502. If the process ends because of a lack of movement, it can restart at any time by detection of movement of the smart necklace 100.

FIG. 15B illustrates an example of the method of FIG. 15A. In frame 1550 of FIG. 15B, a user 1556 is walking along a sidewalk. Let's assume that the user has previously walked along the sidewalk and the memory 112 has stored therein data detected by the sensor array 120 during the previous trips along the sidewalk.

In frame 1552, a hazard 1558 is present on the sidewalk in the direction of travel of the user. The hazard includes a caution sign 1560 as well as two caution cones 1562. When the hazard is in the field of view of the smart necklace 100, the smart necklace 100 may compare the detected data to stored data. The processor 111 may then determine that the hazard is a divergence and it may provide data to the user 1556 based on the divergence. The data may include, for example, a description of the two cones 1562, the fact that a sign is present and any other large diversions. The smart necklace 100 may also detect that the diversion includes text. The smart necklace 100 may provide the user 1556 data based on the text, such as reading the text to the user.

The smart necklace 100 may have learned that a caution sign 1560 or a caution cone 1562 presents a hazard, and determine that the caution sign 1560 and/or the caution cone 1562 present a hazard. The smart necklace 100 may also determine this by identifying that the divergence is significant. The smart necklace 100 may use the fact that the caution sign 1560 and/or cones 1562 are positioned in a direction of travel of the user 1556 to determine that they present a hazard. The smart necklace 100 may then provide data to the user 1556 indicating that the hazard 1558 is present. The smart necklace 100 may, for example, output the type and/or location of the hazard 1558 to the user 1556 using the speaker 132. The smart necklace 100 may also, for example, vibrate with increasing frequency as the user approaches the hazard 1558.

For example, in frame 1554, the user may utilize the output from the smart necklace 100 to navigate around the hazard 1558. If the smart necklace 100 includes a vibration unit 133, then the smart necklace 100 may vibrate more on one side than another to indicate the location of the hazard 1558. In frame 1554, the hazard is more to the right side of the user 1556 than the left side. So, the smart necklace 100 may vibrate on the right side and not on the left, indicating that the hazard is on the right. Alternately, the smart necklace 100 may vibrate on the left side and not the right, indicating that it is safer on the left side.

FIG. 16A illustrates an exemplary method for providing navigation assistance to the user. This method may be used, for example, to inform a user when he should move forward in line. It may also be used, for example, to inform a user of when he should slow down or speed up based on a another person. This method may also be used, for example, to inform a user of when he should slow down or speed up so that he can walk at the same pace as his friends.

In block 1600, the smart necklace 100, using the sensor array 120, detects a distance from the smart necklace to a moving object, such as a person. The object can be in any relative position to the user so long as it is in the field of view of the camera 122. The smart necklace may also, in some embodiments, determine a speed at which the object is moving.

In block 1602, the smart necklace 100 may determine a speed at which the user is traveling, using the sensor array 120. This speed may include a walking or running speed, or it may be a zero speed. Using the speed data, as well as other data, the processor 111 may determine a set of actions that the user is performing. For example, the user could be walking with friends. He also could be waiting in a line, or walking down the street in a hurry to get to a meeting. The processor may utilize the detected data to determine the action of the user.

In block 1604, the processor 111 compares the speed and other data to data in the memory 112. The data in the memory 112 may, for example, associate speed and other data to a preferred distance of the user to an object. For example, if the user is walking with friends, the preferred distance may be relatively short. As another example, if the user is rushing to a meeting, the preferred distance may be relative long so that the user does not accidentally run into the object.

In block 1606, it is determined whether or not the detected distance is less than the preferred distance. This may be useful, for example, when the user is walking down the street faster than another person, or has prematurely started walking forward when waiting in a line.

If the detected distance is less than the preferred distance, then the method proceeds to block 1608. In block 1608, the smart necklace 100 outputs data to the user, via the interface array 130, indicating that the detected distance is less than the preferred distance. This data may include, for example, audio data or haptic data. For example, the smart necklace 100 may vibrate with increasing frequency as the user approaches the object.

In block 1610, it is determined whether the detected distance is greater than the preferred distance. This may be useful, for example, if the user is walking with friends and is moving at a faster pace.

If the detected distance is greater than the preferred distance, then the process proceeds to block 1612. In block 1612, the smart necklace 100 outputs data to the user, via the interface array 130, indicating that the detected distance is greater than the preferred distance. This data may include, for example, audio data or haptic data. For example, the smart necklace 100 may vibrate with increasing intensity as the distance between the user and the object grows. In some embodiments, there are only certain situations in which the smart necklace 100 will alert the user that the distance is greater than the preferred distance. For example, if the user is walking alone, he will not care if he is far away from other persons and the smart necklace may not provide any data.

FIG. 16B illustrates an exemplary use of the method of FIG. 16A. In frame 1650, the user 1656 is walking down a sidewalk. The user is behind a person 1658. At first, the user 1656 and the person 1658 may be traveling at the same speed. Initially, because of the same speeds, the distance from the user 1656 to the person 958 may be the preferred distance.

As illustrated in frame 952, eventually the person 958 may slow down. In this situation, the detected distance from the user 956 to the person 958 may become less than the preferred distance. The smart necklace 100 may provide data to the user 956 including information that the detected distance is shorter than the preferred distance. The user 956 may then slow down based on the data from the smart necklace 100. By receiving the data from the smart necklace 100, the user 956 may slow until he is at the preferred distance from the person 958, as illustrated in frame 954.

FIG. 17 illustrates an exemplary method for handling an obstruction of a camera 122 (including stereo cameras 121). In reference to FIG. 11, an obstruction can be any occurrence that obstructs the view of either of the stereo cameras 1121 or the camera 1122. For example, a lock of hair or an article of clothing can block the lens of any camera. The smart necklace 1100 can respond to the obstructed camera using the following method.

In block 1700, it is determined whether or not an obstruction is detected. Assuming that the camera 1122 is obstructed, the obstruction may be detected in multiple fashions. Image data from the stereo cameras 1121 may be checked against data from the camera 1122. If the data does not correlate, then the smart necklace 1100 may determine whether the data from the camera 1122 or the stereo cameras 1121 are more likely data that represents the actual information surrounding the user. The camera 1122 may also be adapted to determine the distance to an object. If an object is within a certain range, such as 3 inches, of the camera 1122, then the smart necklace 1100 may determine that an obstruction is occurring. The stereo cameras 1121 may also be able to capture data near the camera 1122 and determine that an object is obstructing the view of the camera 1122.

If an obstruction is not detected, then the method may be placed on hold until an obstruction is detected. If an obstruction is detected, then the smart necklace 1100 may determine, in block 1702, which camera is obstructed. In this example, camera 1122 is obstructed. This determination may be made based on the result of the selected method for determining whether an obstruction has occurred in block 1700.

In block 1704, the smart necklace 1100 ignores data from the obstructed camera (the camera 1122). If the smart necklace 1100 is using data collected from the obstructed camera 1122 as input to functions, then the functions may provide bad output. Because the stereo cameras 1121 are present on the left portion 1151, the smart necklace 1100 can still provide data to the user based on image data captured by the stereo cameras 1121.

In block 1706, the smart necklace 1100 may alert the user of the obstruction. For example, the smart necklace 1100 may provide a spoken alert to the user that the camera 1122 is obstructed. In various embodiments, the smart necklace 1100 may play a specialized tone or vibration instructing the user of the obstruction and/or the location of the obstruction (such as a vibration on the right portion 1152 indicating an obstructed camera on the right portion 1152).

In block 1708, it is determined whether or not the obstruction has been removed. This determination can be made using the same techniques discussed above in reference to block 1700. If the obstruction is not removed, then the method may remain in this state until the obstruction is removed.

If the obstruction is removed, then the smart necklace 1100 may stop ignoring data from the camera 1122 in block 1710.

FIG. 18A illustrates an exemplary method for determining the location of a desired object. In block 1800, the smart necklace 100 may determine that a particular object or objects are desired. This may be determined with or without explicit instructions from the user.

For example, the user may be able to click a button while directing the camera 122 at an object to instruct the smart necklace 100 to find the object. The user may also be able to verbally instruct the smart necklace 100 to find the object. For example, the user may direct the camera 122 or the stereo cameras 121 towards an object and say “I want to find this.” The camera 122 may then capture image data of the desired object. The smart necklace 100 may detect movement via the IMU 123. A certain movement of the smart necklace 100 may indicate that the user desires to find a particular object. The user may also give a command that includes a description of the object. For example, the user could speak the words “find me a box of X cereal” into the microphone 131. The smart necklace 100 may then be able to recall data from the memory 112 about the object or retrieve data via the antenna 142 or the I/O port 143 about the object. Data associated with the object may be stored in the memory 112 until the smart necklace 100 locates the object.

In block 1802, the smart necklace 100 may scan its field of view for the object or objects using the camera 122, the stereo cameras 121 or any sensor 125. The smart necklace 100 may continuously scan the field of view for the object or objects or the smart necklace 100 may be told when to search for the object. For example, the user could make a grocery list at home and scan each of the objects that the user wants to retrieve from the grocery store. It would be a waste of processing power for the smart necklace 100 to scan the field of view within the user's residence for the object or objects. In this situation, the smart necklace 100 may determine when it is in the grocery store where it is reasonable to scan for the objects.

In block 1804, it is determined whether the object or objects have been detected. The smart necklace 100 may compare the object data in the memory 112 to data sensed by any component in the sensor array 120. If the stored data does not match the sensed data, then the process returns to block 1800. If the object is detected, then the smart necklace 100 may indicate that the desired object is detected. This indication may be in the form of audio output via the speaker 132 or via the vibration unit 133. The smart necklace 100 may, for example, vibrate once when it detects the object. The smart necklace 100 may also output a beep or an audible instruction that the object has been detected.

In block 1808, the clip provides data indicating the exact location of the desired object. For example, the vibration unit 133 may provide vibration or an audio tone with increasing frequency as the user approaches the object. The speaker 132 may also provide precise directions to the user about the location of the object.

FIG. 18B illustrates an exemplary use of the method of FIG. 18A. In frame 1850, the user 1856 is scanning a box of cereal 1858 with the smart necklace 100. The box of cereal 1858 may be empty, and thus the user 1856 wants to replace the box of cereal 1858. The user 1856 may be using the stereo cameras 121 of the smart necklace 100 to detect data from the box of cereal, such as the name or a barcode of the box of cereal 1858.

In frame 1852, the user 1856 is walking down an aisle in a supermarket. The smart necklace 100 may be scanning the field of view of the camera 122 and the stereo cameras 121 for the box of cereal 1858. As the smart necklace 100 detects the box of cereal 1858, it indicates this to the user 1856. For example, the smart necklace 100 may provide a beep or a vibration.

In frame 1854, the smart necklace 100 is directing the user 1856 to the precise location of the box of cereal 1858. The smart necklace 100 may provide vibrations or tones of increasing frequency as the user 1856 approaches the box of cereal 1858. The smart necklace 100 can also provide any other type of output to the user 1856 that would direct the user 1856 to the precise location of the box of cereal 1858.

As used herein, the term “network” includes any cloud, cloud computing system or electronic communications system or method which incorporates hardware and/or software components. Communication among the parties may be accomplished through any suitable communication channels, such as, for example, a telephone network, an extranet, an intranet, Internet, point of interaction device, point of sale device, personal digital assistant (e.g., an Android device, iPhone®, Blackberry®), cellular phone, kiosk, etc.), online communications, satellite communications, off-line communications, wireless communications, transponder communications, local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN), virtual private network (VPN), networked or linked devices, keyboard, mouse and/or any suitable communication or data input modality. Specific information related to the protocols, standards, and application software utilized in connection with the Internet is generally known to those skilled in the art and, as such, need not be detailed herein.

“Cloud” or “Cloud computing” includes a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. Cloud computing may include location-independent computing, whereby shared servers provide resources, software, and data to computers and other devices on demand.

Systems, methods and computer program products are provided. References to “various embodiments”, in “some embodiments”, “one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, “an example embodiment”, etc., indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but every embodiment may not necessarily include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described. After reading the description, it will be apparent to one skilled in the relevant art(s) how to implement the disclosure in alternative embodiments.

The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the examples disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by the processor 111, or in a combination of the two. A software module may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium, such as the memory 112, is coupled to the processor 111 such that the processor 111 can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor 111. The processor 111 and the storage medium may reside in an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC).

The methods/systems may be described herein in terms of functional block components, screen shots, optional selections and various processing steps. It should be appreciated that such functional blocks may be realized by any number of hardware and/or software components configured to perform the specified functions. For example, the methods/systems may employ various integrated circuit components, e.g., memory elements, processing elements, logic elements, look-up tables, and the like, which may carry out a variety of functions under the control of one or more microprocessors or other control devices. Similarly, the software elements of the methods/systems may be implemented with any programming or scripting language such as, VPL, C, C++, C#, Java, JavaScript, VBScript, Macromedia Cold Fusion, COBOL, Microsoft Active Server Pages, assembly, PERL, PHP, awk, Python, Visual Basic, SQL Stored Procedures, PL/SQL, any UNIX shell script, and XML with the various algorithms being implemented with any combination of data structures, objects, processes, routines or other programming elements. Further, it should be noted that the methods/systems may employ any number of conventional techniques for data transmission, signaling, data processing, network control, and the like.

As will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, the methods/systems may be embodied as a customization of an existing system, an add-on product, upgraded software, a stand-alone system, a distributed system, a method, a data processing system, a device for data processing, and/or a computer program product. Furthermore, the methods/systems may take the form of a computer program product on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable program code means embodied in the storage medium. Any suitable computer-readable storage medium may be utilized, including hard disks, CD-ROM, optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, and/or the like.

Exemplary embodiments of the methods/systems have been disclosed in an illustrative style. Accordingly, the terminology employed throughout should be read in a non-limiting manner. Although minor modifications to the teachings herein will occur to those well versed in the art, it shall be understood that what is intended to be circumscribed within the scope of the patent warranted hereon are all such embodiments that reasonably fall within the scope of the advancement to the art hereby contributed, and that that scope shall not be restricted, except in light of the appended claims and their equivalents. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A wearable neck device for providing environmental awareness to a user, comprising: a left portion; a right portion; a flexible tube defining a cavity and connecting the left portion to the right portion, wherein at least one of the left portion, the right portion or the cavity houses one or more components including: an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor configured to detect inertial measurement data corresponding to a positioning, velocity, or acceleration of the wearable neck device; a global positioning system (GPS) unit configured to detect location data corresponding to a location of the wearable neck device; at least one camera configured to detect image data corresponding to a surrounding environment of the wearable neck device that includes a first object or person and a second object; a memory configured to store object data regarding previously determined objects, a preferred distance between the wearable neck device and the first object or person, and previously determined user data associated with the user; a processor connected to the IMU sensor, the GPS unit and the at least one camera, and configured to: recognize the second object in the surrounding environment by analyzing the image data based on the stored object data and the location data including the location of the wearable neck device, compare a plurality of image features of the second object to a plurality of reference image features for an object category, the object category identifying a plurality of objects having the same plurality of reference image features, determine that the second object identifies with the object category based on the comparison, determine a desirable event or action based on the object category and the previously determined user data, determine a destination based on the determined desirable event or action, determine a navigation path for navigating the wearable neck device to the determined destination based on the determined destination, the image data, and at least one of the inertial measurement data or the location data, determine a distance between the wearable neck device and the first object or person; determine that a current walking speed of the user should increase or decrease based on the preferred distance and the determined distance, and determine output data based on the determined navigation path; and a speaker or a vibration unit configured to provide to the user the output data that includes audio information or haptic information that indicates that the current walking speed of the user should increase or decrease.
 2. The wearable neck device of claim 1 wherein the at least one camera includes a pair of stereo cameras configured to detect depth information.
 3. The wearable neck device of claim 1 wherein the at least one camera includes a wide angle camera configured to detect the image data within a 120 degree field of view.
 4. The wearable neck device of claim 1 wherein the memory and the processor are positioned within the cavity of the flexible tube.
 5. The wearable neck device of claim 1 wherein the at least one camera includes a pair of stereo cameras positioned on either the left portion or the right portion and a wide angle camera positioned on the other of the left portion or the right portion.
 6. The wearable neck device of claim 5 wherein the processor is further configured to: determine that one of the pair of stereo cameras or the wide angle camera is obstructed, and alert the user to the obstructed stereo camera or the obstructed wide angle camera.
 7. The wearable neck device of claim 6 wherein the processor is further configured to disregard data received from the obstructed stereo camera or the obstructed wide angle camera.
 8. The wearable neck device of claim 1 wherein the vibration unit includes a first vibratory motor coupled to the left portion and a second vibratory motor coupled to the right portion, the first vibratory motor and the second vibratory motor configured to provide stereo vibration data.
 9. The wearable neck device of claim 1 further comprising a wireless communication antenna for establishing an audio or video communication with another portable electronic device or computer used by another person, wherein the processor is further configured to establish the audio or video communication based on the determined desirable event or action.
 10. The wearable neck device of claim 1 further comprising a strap adapted to electrically and mechanically attach to the left portion and the right portion to synchronize components positioned on the left portion with components positioned on the right portion.
 11. The wearable neck device of claim 1 further comprising a microphone configured to detect a speech of the user or another person, wherein the processor is further configured to: parse a conversation of the user or the another person into speech elements; analyze the speech elements based on the previously determined user data; and determine the desirable event or action further based on the analyzed speech elements.
 12. A method for providing continuous social and environmental awareness to a user by a wearable neck device comprising: detecting, via a camera, a Global Positioning System (GPS) unit or an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor, inertial measurement data corresponding to a positioning, velocity, or acceleration of the wearable neck device, location data corresponding to a location of the wearable neck device or image data corresponding to a surrounding environment of the wearable neck device and a moving object or person in the surrounding environment; storing, in a memory, object data regarding one or more previously determined objects, a preferred distance between the wearable neck device and the moving object or person, and previously determined user data regarding the user; recognizing, by a processor, an object in the surrounding environment by analyzing the image data based on the stored object data and at least one of the location, positioning, velocity, or acceleration of the wearable neck device; comparing, by the processor, a plurality of image features of the object to a plurality of reference image features for an object category, the object category identifying a plurality of objects having the same plurality of reference image features; determining, by the processor, that the object identifies with the object category based on the comparison; determining, by the processor, a desirable event or action based on the object category and the previously determined user data; determining, by the processor, a destination based on the determined desirable event or action; determining, by the processor, a navigation path for navigating the wearable neck device to the determined destination based on the determined destination, the image data, and at least one of the inertial measurement data or the location data; determining, by the processor, a distance between the wearable neck device and the moving object or person; determining, by the processor, that a current walking speed of the user should increase or decrease based on the preferred distance and the determined distance; determining, by the processor, output data based on the determined navigation path; and providing, via a speaker or a vibration unit, the output data that includes audio information or haptic information that indicates that the current walking speed of the user should increase or decrease.
 13. The method of claim 12 wherein providing the output data to the user further includes providing audio or haptic information based on divergence data between the object data and the image data.
 14. The method of claim 13 wherein providing the audio or haptic information to the user includes providing stereo haptic information.
 15. The method of claim 12 wherein storing the object data includes storing the object data in a remote database that can be accessed by other intelligent devices.
 16. The method of claim 12 further comprising storing, in the memory, map data wherein determining the navigation path includes determining the navigation path based on the image data, the map data, and at least one of the location data or the inertial measurement data.
 17. The method of claim 12 further including transmitting, via an antenna, the image data and the at least one of the inertial measurement data or the location data to a remote device, wherein the processor is located on the remote device.
 18. A wearable neck device for providing environmental awareness to a user, comprising: an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor coupled to the wearable neck device and configured to detect inertial measurement data corresponding to a positioning, velocity, or acceleration of the wearable neck device; a global positioning system (GPS) unit coupled to the wearable neck device and configured to detect location data corresponding to a location of the wearable neck device; a wide angle camera coupled to the wearable neck device; a pair of stereo cameras coupled to the wearable neck device, the pair of stereo cameras configured to detect depth information regarding a surrounding environment, the wide angle camera and the pair of stereo cameras being configured to detect image data corresponding to the surrounding environment of the wearable neck device and a moving object or person in the surrounding environment; a memory configured to store object data regarding previously determined objects, a preferred distance between the wearable neck device and the moving object or person and previously determined user data associated with the user; a processor connected to the IMU sensor, the GPS unit, the wide angle camera and the pair of stereo cameras and configured to: recognize an object in the surrounding environment by analyzing the image data based on the stored object data and the location data including the location of the wearable neck device, compare a plurality of image features of the object to a plurality of reference image features for an object category, the object category identifying a plurality of objects having the same plurality of reference image features, determine that the object identifies with the object category based on the comparison, determine a desirable event or action based on the object category and the previously determined user data, determine a destination based on the determined desirable event or action, determine a navigation path for navigating the wearable neck device to the destination based on the determined destination, the image data, and at least one of the inertial measurement data or the location data, determine a current distance between the wearable neck device and the moving object or person, determine that a current speed of the wearable neck device should increase when the current distance between the wearable neck device and the moving object or person is greater than the preferred distance, and determine that the current speed of the wearable neck device should decrease when the current distance between the wearable neck device and the moving object or person is less than the preferred distance; and a speaker configured to provide audio information to the user based on at least one of the recognized object, determined desirable event or action, navigation path, or determination that the current speed of the wearable neck device should increase or decrease; and at least one vibratory motor configured to provide haptic information to the user based on at least one of the recognized object, the determined desirable event or action, the determined navigation path, determination that the current speed of the wearable neck device should increase or decrease.
 19. The wearable neck device of claim 18 further comprising a wireless communication antenna for establishing data communication with another portable electronic device or computer. 